Kim Blond1, Julie Aarestrup1, Dorte Vistisen2, Lise G Bjerregaard1, Gorm Boje Jensen3, Janne Petersen4, Børge G Nordestgaard5, Marit E Jørgensen6, Britt Wang Jensen1, Jennifer L Baker7. 1. Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark. 2. Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark. 3. The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Copenhagen University Hospital Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark. 4. Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 5. The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Copenhagen University Hospital Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. 6. Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark; National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark. 7. Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Human Genomics and Metagenomics in Metabolism, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: Jennifer.Lyn.Baker@regionh.dk.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Children with a growth trajectory of overweight have higher levels of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors than children with a normal-weight trajectory. However, less is known about how trajectories of body mass index (BMI) across the rest of the BMI spectrum relate to CVD risk factors and whether adult BMI affects these associations. Our aim was to examine associations between childhood BMI trajectories and adult CVD risk factors. METHODS: We included 2466 individuals with childhood weights and heights (ages 6-14) from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register and adult CVD risk factors (ages 20-81) from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Associations between childhood BMI trajectories identified by latent class modelling and CVD risk factors were examined using generalized linear regression analyses with and without adjustment for adult BMI. Normal-weight and overweight were defined by growth references from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: We identified four childhood trajectories within the normal-weight spectrum and one trajectory of overweight. Compared to the trajectory with the lowest BMI level, several higher BMI trajectories were associated with worse circumference, HDL and glucose homeostasis in adulthood. The highest trajectory was additionally associated with higher total cholesterol and triglycerides. When adjusting for adult BMI, the higher BMI trajectories had lower waist circumference, blood pressure and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS: Trajectories of BMI within the normal-weight range and in the overweight range are associated with a worse CVD risk profile than in the lowest BMI trajectory, and these associations are modifiable by growth after childhood.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Children with a growth trajectory of overweight have higher levels of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors than children with a normal-weight trajectory. However, less is known about how trajectories of body mass index (BMI) across the rest of the BMI spectrum relate to CVD risk factors and whether adult BMI affects these associations. Our aim was to examine associations between childhood BMI trajectories and adult CVD risk factors. METHODS: We included 2466 individuals with childhood weights and heights (ages 6-14) from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register and adult CVD risk factors (ages 20-81) from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Associations between childhood BMI trajectories identified by latent class modelling and CVD risk factors were examined using generalized linear regression analyses with and without adjustment for adult BMI. Normal-weight and overweight were defined by growth references from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: We identified four childhood trajectories within the normal-weight spectrum and one trajectory of overweight. Compared to the trajectory with the lowest BMI level, several higher BMI trajectories were associated with worse circumference, HDL and glucose homeostasis in adulthood. The highest trajectory was additionally associated with higher total cholesterol and triglycerides. When adjusting for adult BMI, the higher BMI trajectories had lower waist circumference, blood pressure and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS: Trajectories of BMI within the normal-weight range and in the overweight range are associated with a worse CVD risk profile than in the lowest BMI trajectory, and these associations are modifiable by growth after childhood.
Authors: Allison Kupsco; Haotian Wu; Antonia M Calafat; Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou; Alejandra Cantoral; Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz; Ivan Pantic; Maria Luisa Pizano-Zárate; Emily Oken; Joseph M Braun; Andrea L Deierlein; Robert O Wright; Martha M Téllez-Rojo; Andrea A Baccarelli; Allan C Just Journal: Environ Res Date: 2021-09-23 Impact factor: 8.431