Marchantia polymorpha L. Flavonoids Protect Liver From CCl4-Induced Injury by Antioxidant and Gene-Regulatory Effects.

Marchantia polymorpha L. (MPL), a common type of liverwort, has been used as herbal medicine to improve liver function in China for many years. Although modern studies revealed that MPL contains various polyphenols, terpenoids, and bis[bibenzyls], its biological effects on liver function have never been systemically studied in any animal model. In this study, flavonoids were extracted from MPL and the components in the MPL flavonoids as well as the antioxidant capacity of MPL flavonoids were analysed. A rat model of liver injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 10% carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). MPL flavonoids were administered daily at a dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight to the rats for 2 weeks prior to injection of CC14. Treatment with MPL flavonoids, especially at a dose of 200 mg/kg, attenuated CCl4-induced increases in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6, as well as reductions in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Microarray analyses showed that co-treatment with MPL flavonoids and CCl4 up-regulated many antioxidant and anti-apoptotic genes, but down-regulated several pro-inflammatory genes, compared to treatment with CCl4 alone. PCR and western blot assays further identified that MPL flavonoids increased GPX1, TMX1, TXN, and XIAP expression, but decreased IL-1 and IL1RAP expression and inhibited Jak/stat3 signalling. In conclusion, MPL flavonoids exerted hepatoprotective effects via antioxidant and gene regulatory mechanisms. (Altern Ther Health Med.