Don Roosan1, Angela Hwang2, Anandi V Law3, Jay Chok4, Moom R Roosan5. 1. Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice & Administration, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E 2nd street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA. 2. Research Assistant, Department of Pharmacy Practice & Administration, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA. 3. Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice & Administration, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA. 4. Associate Professor, School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont Colleges, Pomona, CA 91711, USA. 5. Assistant Professor, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA.
Abstract
Background: Despite potential benefits, the practice of incorporating pharmacogenomics (PGx) results in clinical decisions has yet to diffuse widely. In this study, we conducted a review of recent discussions on data standards and interoperability with a focus on sharing PGx test results among health systems. Materials & methods: We conducted a literature search for PGx clinical decision support systems between 1 January 2012 and 31 January 2020. Thirty-two out of 727 articles were included for the final review. Results: Nine of the 32 articles mentioned data standards and only four of the 32 articles provided solutions for the lack of interoperability. Discussions: Although PGx interoperability is essential for widespread implementation, a lack of focus on standardized data creates a formidable challenge for health information exchange. Conclusion: Standardization of PGx data is essential to improve health information exchange and the sharing of PGx results between disparate systems. However, PGx data standards and interoperability are often not addressed in the system-level implementation.
Background: Despite potential benefits, the practice of incorporating pharmacogenomics (PGx) results in clinical decisions has yet to diffuse widely. In this study, we conducted a review of recent discussions on data standards and interoperability with a focus on sharing PGx test results among health systems. Materials & methods: We conducted a literature search for PGx clinical decision support systems between 1 January 2012 and 31 January 2020. Thirty-two out of 727 articles were included for the final review. Results: Nine of the 32 articles mentioned data standards and only four of the 32 articles provided solutions for the lack of interoperability. Discussions: Although PGx interoperability is essential for widespread implementation, a lack of focus on standardized data creates a formidable challenge for health information exchange. Conclusion: Standardization of PGx data is essential to improve health information exchange and the sharing of PGx results between disparate systems. However, PGx data standards and interoperability are often not addressed in the system-level implementation.
Keywords:
clinical decision support systems; health information exchanges; health information interoperability; implementation science; pharmacogenomics study