Elena Vlastou1, Stefanos Diamantopoulos2, Efstathios P Efstathopoulos2. 1. 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "Attikon", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Street, Haidari, Athens 124 62, Greece. Electronic address: elenabls@med.uoa.gr. 2. 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "Attikon", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Street, Haidari, Athens 124 62, Greece.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Over the last decades, Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been presented as an innovative approach in radiotherapy (RT) enhancement. Several studies have proven that the irradiation of tumors containing AuNPs could lead to more effective tumor control than irradiation alone. Studies with low kV photons and AuNPs conclude in encouraging results regarding the level of radioenhancement. However, experimental and theoretical studies with MV photons report controversial findings concerning the correlation between dose enhancement effect and tumor cell killing. The great variation in the experimental protocols and simulations complicates the comparison of their outcomes and depicts the need for limiting the variety of investigated parameters. Our purpose is to point out a possible direction for building realistic Monte Carlo (MC) models that could end up with promising results in MV photons RT enhancement. METHODS: We explored published in silico studies concerning AuNPs enhanced RT from 2010 to 2019. In this review, we discuss the different AuNPs and MV photon beams characteristics that have been reported and their effect in dose enhancement. RESULTS: AuNPs size, concentration, type of distribution along with photon beams energy and the presence of flattening filter in linear accelerators seem to be the major parameters that determine AuNPs radioenhancement in silico. CONCLUSIONS: Prior to AuNPs clinical translation in photon radiotherapy, in silico studies should emphasize on nanodosimetry and track structure codes than condensed history ones. Toxicity estimation and biological aspects should be implemented in MC simulations so as to achieve accurate and realistic modelling of AuNPs driven RT.
PURPOSE: Over the last decades, Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been presented as an innovative approach in radiotherapy (RT) enhancement. Several studies have proven that the irradiation of tumors containing AuNPs could lead to more effective tumor control than irradiation alone. Studies with low kV photons and AuNPs conclude in encouraging results regarding the level of radioenhancement. However, experimental and theoretical studies with MV photons report controversial findings concerning the correlation between dose enhancement effect and tumor cell killing. The great variation in the experimental protocols and simulations complicates the comparison of their outcomes and depicts the need for limiting the variety of investigated parameters. Our purpose is to point out a possible direction for building realistic Monte Carlo (MC) models that could end up with promising results in MV photons RT enhancement. METHODS: We explored published in silico studies concerning AuNPs enhanced RT from 2010 to 2019. In this review, we discuss the different AuNPs and MV photon beams characteristics that have been reported and their effect in dose enhancement. RESULTS: AuNPs size, concentration, type of distribution along with photon beams energy and the presence of flattening filter in linear accelerators seem to be the major parameters that determine AuNPs radioenhancement in silico. CONCLUSIONS: Prior to AuNPs clinical translation in photon radiotherapy, in silico studies should emphasize on nanodosimetry and track structure codes than condensed history ones. Toxicity estimation and biological aspects should be implemented in MC simulations so as to achieve accurate and realistic modelling of AuNPs driven RT.
Authors: H Rabus; W B Li; H Nettelbeck; J Schuemann; C Villagrasa; M Beuve; S Di Maria; B Heide; A P Klapproth; F Poignant; R Qiu; B Rudek Journal: Radiat Meas Date: 2021-07-30 Impact factor: 1.743
Authors: H Rabus; W B Li; C Villagrasa; J Schuemann; P A Hepperle; L de la Fuente Rosales; M Beuve; S Di Maria; A P Klapproth; C Y Li; F Poignant; B Rudek; H Nettelbeck Journal: Phys Med Date: 2021-03-23 Impact factor: 2.685
Authors: Alessia Tudda; Elisabetta Donzelli; Gabriella Nicolini; Sara Semperboni; Mario Bossi; Guido Cavaletti; Roberta Castriconi; Paola Mangili; Antonella Del Vecchio; Antonio Sarno; Giovanni Mettivier; Paolo Russo Journal: Med Phys Date: 2021-12-01 Impact factor: 4.506