M Yan1, Y J Wu1, F Chen1, X W Tang1, Y Han1, H Y Qiu1, A N Sun1, S L Xue1, Z M Jin1, Y Wang1, M Miao1, D P Wu1. 1. Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell bridging allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in the treatment of recurrent and refractory acute B-lymphocytic leukemia (R/R B-ALL) . Methods: A total of 50 R/R B-ALL patients who underwent CAR T-scell therapy to bridge allo-HSCT in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2017 to May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The overall survival (OS) rate, event-free survival (EFS) rate, cumulative recurrence rate (CIR) , and transplant-related mortality (TRM) of patients with different bone marrow minimal residual disease (MRD) levels were analyzed before and after CAR T-cell infusion and before allo-HSCT. Results: The response rate of CAR T-cell therapy and the incidence rate of severe cytokine release syndrome were 92% and 28% , respectively. During 55 infusions, no treatment-related deaths occurred in any of the patients. The median time of CAR T-cell infusion to allo-HSCT was 54 (26-232) days, the median follow-up time after CAR T-cell infusion was 637 (117-1097) days, and the 1-year OS and EFS rates were (80.0±5.7) % and (60.0±6.9) % . The 1-year CIR and TRM after allo-HSCT were (28.0±0.4) % and (8.0±0.2) % . After CAR T-cell infusion and before allo-HSCT, patients with bone marrow MRD<0.01% had a significantly longer EFS [ (70.0±7.2) % vs (20.0±12.6) % , P<0.001; (66.7±7.5) % vs (36.4±14.5) % , P=0.008]and lower CIR [ (25.0±0.5) % vs (70.0±2.6) % , P<0.001; (23.08±0.47) % vs (45.45±2.60) % , P=0.038]. Conclusion: CAR T-cell therapy bridging allo-HSCT is safe and effective for recurrent and refractory B-ALL.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell bridging allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in the treatment of recurrent and refractory acute B-lymphocytic leukemia (R/R B-ALL) . Methods: A total of 50 R/R B-ALL patients who underwent CAR T-scell therapy to bridge allo-HSCT in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2017 to May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The overall survival (OS) rate, event-free survival (EFS) rate, cumulative recurrence rate (CIR) , and transplant-related mortality (TRM) of patients with different bone marrow minimal residual disease (MRD) levels were analyzed before and after CAR T-cell infusion and before allo-HSCT. Results: The response rate of CAR T-cell therapy and the incidence rate of severe cytokine release syndrome were 92% and 28% , respectively. During 55 infusions, no treatment-related deaths occurred in any of the patients. The median time of CAR T-cell infusion to allo-HSCT was 54 (26-232) days, the median follow-up time after CAR T-cell infusion was 637 (117-1097) days, and the 1-year OS and EFS rates were (80.0±5.7) % and (60.0±6.9) % . The 1-year CIR and TRM after allo-HSCT were (28.0±0.4) % and (8.0±0.2) % . After CAR T-cell infusion and before allo-HSCT, patients with bone marrow MRD<0.01% had a significantly longer EFS [ (70.0±7.2) % vs (20.0±12.6) % , P<0.001; (66.7±7.5) % vs (36.4±14.5) % , P=0.008]and lower CIR [ (25.0±0.5) % vs (70.0±2.6) % , P<0.001; (23.08±0.47) % vs (45.45±2.60) % , P=0.038]. Conclusion:CAR T-cell therapy bridging allo-HSCT is safe and effective for recurrent and refractory B-ALL.
一、CAR-T细胞治疗疗效评估全部患者在CAR-T细胞输注前均评估骨髓MRD,其中30例(60%)患者CAR-T细胞输注前具有高肿瘤负荷(表1)。50例患者共行55例次CAR-T细胞输注,46例(92%)患者达CR,评估为有治疗反应,4例(8%)患者为NR,评估为无治疗反应。其中6例CAR-T细胞输注后达CR患者,疗效维持112(50~232)d后血液学复发。二、CAR-T细胞治疗不良反应及影响因素36例次(72%)CAR-T细胞输注后出现CRS:其中17例次为1级CRS反应,主要表现为不同程度发热、疲劳、肌肉酸痛和精神萎靡;5例次为2级CRS反应,主要表现为粒缺伴反复发热、轻度转氨酶升高;12例次为3级CRS反应,主要表现为持续高热、胸闷需辅助吸氧、肝功能异常、凝血功能异常、低血压及炎症细胞因子升高;2例次为4级CRS反应,表现为多脏器功能障碍、水钠潴留、意识障碍或休克。严重CRS(≥3级)发生率为28%(14/50),所有患者均治疗好转,未发生治疗相关死亡。另有4例(8%)患者出现神经毒性症状,表现为头晕、头痛、烦躁及轻度意识障碍。单因素分析显示,CAR-T细胞输注前骨髓MRD≥5%是发生严重CRS的危险因素[HR=14.529(95% CI 1.715~123.074),P=0.014]。三、allo-HSCT及移植相关并发症全部患者均为首次移植,移植前11例(20%)患者骨髓MRD≥0.01%,其中6例NR,5例骨髓形态学CR。CAR-T细胞输注至allo-HSCT的中位时间为54(26~232)d。中位输注单个核细胞(MNC)11.0(3.8~19.8)×108/kg,中位输注CD34+细胞4.0(1.6~13.6)×106/kg。所有受者均获得完全供者植入。粒细胞植入中位时间为12(11~17)d,血小板植入中位时间为14(11~39)d。21例(42%)患者移植后发生病毒血症(6例EBV,9例CMV,6例EBV+CMV)。20例(40%)患者伴出血性膀胱炎(HC)。32例(64%)患者发生急性GVHD,Ⅱ级3例,Ⅲ级4例,Ⅳ级3例。48例可评估病例中17例(35.4%)发生慢性GVHD,其中1例为广泛型,16例为局限型。四、生存与复发CAR-T细胞输注后,中位随访时间637(117~1097)d。50例患者中35例(70%)存活,15例(30%)死亡,其中11例死于移植后复发,2例死于急性GVHD,1例死于移植相关血栓性微血管病(TA-TMA),另有1例死于脓毒血症伴感染性休克。allo-HSCT后14例患者复发,8例复发患者再次行CAR-T细胞输注,其中5例达CR(2例CR后再次复发),3例NR;另6例患者中1例口服博纳替尼达CR后再次复发。截至随访终点,14例复发患者中3例存活,11例死亡。50例R/R B-ALL患者CAR-T细胞输注后1年OS、EFS率分别为(80.0±5.7)%、(60.0±6.9)%,移植后1年CIR、TRM分别为(28.0±0.4)%、(8.0±0.2)%。CAR-T细胞输注前骨髓MRD≥5%和<5%组相比,CAR-T细胞输注后1年OS率[(80.0±7.3)%对(80.0±8.9)%,P=0.945]、EFS率[(56.7±9.0)%对(65.0±10.7)%,P=0.662]差异均无统计学意义,移植后1年TRM[(6.7±0.2)%对(10.0±0.5)%,P=0.675]及CIR[(33.3±0.8)%对(20.0±0.8)%,P=0.502]差异均无统计学意义。CAR-T细胞输注后骨髓MRD≥0.01%与<0.01%患者相比,CAR-T细胞输注后1年OS率[(80.0±6.3)%对(80.0±12.6)%,P=0.420]、移植后1年TRM[(7.5±0.2)%对(10.0±1.0)%,P=0.767]差异无统计学意义,CAR-T细胞输注后EFS率更低[(20.0±12.6)%对(70.0±7.2)%,P<0.001],移植后1年CIR更高[(70.0±2.6)%对(25.0±0.5)%,P<0.001](图1)。
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