Literature DB >> 33110385

A review of Diplommatina species in eastern Thailand with the descriptions of five new species.

Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana1, Chanakarn Kamtuptim1, Koraon Wongkamhaeng2.   

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Microsnails in the genus Diplommatina Benson, 1849 from eastern Thailand are revised, based on the collection of the Zoological Research Collection, Burapha University, Chonburi Province, Thailand and on recently-collected materials. NEW INFORMATION: Five new species, Diplommatina burapha sp. n., D. chadathongae sp. n., D. chantaburiensis sp. n., D. fusiformis sp. n. and D. khwantongae sp. n., are described as new to science. The geographic distribution of these eastern species is presented. Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana, Chanakarn Kamtuptim, Koraon Wongkamhaeng.

Entities:  

Keywords:  Diplommatina ; Diplommatinidae ; Thailand; taxonomy

Year:  2020        PMID： 33110385      PMCID： PMC7554012          DOI： 10.3897/BDJ.8.e57689

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Biodivers Data J        ISSN： 1314-2828


Introduction

Terrestrial microsnails in the genus Benson, 1849 show some of the greatest diversity and are distributed in southern, south-eastern and eastern Asia. At present, a total of 18 species have been reported from Thailand. Of the 18 described species, ten (55.55%) were recorded from the south and seven (38.9%) from the north, whereas only one species, Panha et al., 1998, was described from Khaochamao National Park, Chantaburi Province (Maassen 2001, Panha 1996, Panha and Burch 1996, Panha and Burch 2001, Panha and Burch 2005, Panha et al. 1998, Tongkerd et al. 2013). This study is focused on a survey of microsnail diversity recorded in eastern Thailand since 2005 and focused on five species of the genus ( sp. n., sp. n., sp. n., sp. n. and ) as new to science, based on the external shell characters. The geographic distribution of these eastern Thai species is also presented.

Materials and methods

The specimens from the Zoological Research Collection of Burapha University (ZRCBUU) which have been collected since 2005 and recently obtained shell specimens from the field survey were studied. Shells were collected by hand searching and leaf litter sieving in several areas in eastern Thailand (Fig. 1 and Table 1). Empty shells were cleaned with tap water and a fine hairbrush and then air-dried. Only live specimens of one species, were collected. Digital photographs of shells were obtained using a Canon MP-E 65 Macro lens camera. Shell measurements (in mm), including shell height (SH), shell width (SW), aperture height (AH) and aperture width (AW), were determined using ImageJ software. Taxonomic identification and shell terminology (e.g. whorl number and shell sculpture) of the specimens were recored according to Panha et al. (1998) and Tongkerd et al. (2013). Type specimens were deposited in the collection of the Zoological Research Collection of Burapha University (ZRCBUU), Chon Buri, Thailand.
Figure 1.

Collecting sites. The code indicated in the map follows the list in Table 1.

Table 1.

List and coordination of collecting sites.

Province Code Location Coordination (Lat. Long)
ChonburiCHON 001Khaocha-ang Pluangtong 13°11'56.4"N 101°34'47.0"E
CHON 002Khao Mhe Cave 13°09'04.0"N 101°35'35.0"E
CHON 003Lublae Cave 13°09'09.0"N 101°35'52.1"E
RayongRA 001Khao Pratun 13°07'36.9"N 101°35'56.6"E
RA 002Wat Tam Wattana Mongkol 13°05'49.4"N 101°36'25.1"E
RA 003Pradoo Cave 13°05'40.8"N 101°36'25.1"E
RA 004Khao Loi Cave 13°03'26.8"N 101°36'26.2"E
RA 005Wat Tam Khaobote 13°02'14.5"N 101°38'04.4"E
RA 006Wat Tam Suwannaphupha 12°59'20.2"N 101°39'36.0"E
RA 007Samnaksong Tam Naeramitr 12°58'13.7"N 101°39'45.7"E
RA 008Wat Tam Rakangtong 12°45'48.3"N 101°47'47.2"E
RA 009Wat Rattanatrikoon 12°56'53.1"N 101°46'37.1"E
ChantaburiCTB 001Wat Tam Khaowong 14°35'15.5"N 101°20'33.5"E
CHA 001Wat Khao Tam Rat 13°23'30.3"N 101°44'39.6"E
SrakeoSRA 001Wat Tam Khao Chakan 13°39'38.0"N 102°05'02.8"E
SRA 002Samnaksong Phuming 13°38'52.5"N 102°05'52.4"E
SRA 003Wat Tam Khaochan 13°34'43.2"N 102°05'34.8"E
SRA 004Wat Petpananikom 13°29'17.9"N 102°04'48.3"E
SRA 005Wat Khao Singto 13°59'22.4"N 102°00'29.3"E
SRA 006Wat Tam Maka 13°47'49.6"N 101°57'54.3"E
SRA 007Wat Khao Sampung 13°39'07.2"N 101°56'53.5"E
SRA 008Wat Saitong 13°32'48.1"N 101°57'17.4"E
SRA 009Khao Phaphueng 13°28'27.1"N 102°17'00.9"E
SRA 010Khao Saraphee 13°28'36.8"N 102°19'06.3"E
SRA 011Khao Laeum 13°24'23.3"N 102°18'05.3"E
SRA 012Wat Tam Khao Phuheep 13°23'12.5"N 102°15'13.0"E
SRA 013Wat Sabthavorn 13°24'19.9"N 102°16'29.6"E
SRA 014Tam Pet Phoe Tong 13°24'49.2"N 102°19'31.3"E
SRA 015Tam Nam Pra Shiva 13°19'15.2"N 102°19'40.1"E
SRA 016Tam Saengtien 13°18'57.2"N 102°19'57.2"E
PracheenburiPRA 001Wat Khao Teppitak 13°39'37.4"N 101°54'52.5"E
PRA 002Khao Tam Namtip 13°39'19.2"N 101°55'44.1"E

Taxon treatments

Panha et al., 1998 A2FB9327-9270-521B-A29A-7C8690C5452D Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU0019; recordedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; individualCount: 8; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Rayong; locality: Khao Pratun, Khaochamao District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2004; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2004; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU0029; recordedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; individualCount: 16; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Rayong; locality: Khao Pratun, Khaochamao District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2004; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2004; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU0042; recordedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; individualCount: 15; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Chonburi; locality: Lublae Cave, Bothong District, Chonburi province; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2004; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2004; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU0047; recordedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; individualCount: 16; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Rayong; locality: Wat Tam Wattana Mongkol, Khaochamao District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2004; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2004; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU0051; recordedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; individualCount: 10; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Chonburi; locality: Lublae Cave, Bothong District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2008; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2008; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU0079; recordedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; individualCount: 10; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Rayong; locality: Khao Pratun, Khaochamao District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2008; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2008; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU0086; recordedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; individualCount: 5; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Chonburi; locality: Lublae Cave, Bothong District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2015; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2015; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU0098; recordedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; individualCount: 24; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Rayong; locality: Wat Rattanatrikoon, Khaochamao District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2013; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2013; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU0107; recordedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; individualCount: 18; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Rayong; locality: Khao Pratun, Khaochamao District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2015; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2015; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU0108; recordedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; individualCount: 5; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Chonburi; locality: Lublae Cave, Bothong District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2015; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2015; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU0109; recordedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; individualCount: 5; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Rayong; locality: Khao Pratun, Khaochamao District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2015; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2015; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU0534; recordedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; individualCount: 22; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Rayong; locality: Khao Pratun, Khaochamao District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2018; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2018; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU0619; recordedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; individualCount: 22; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Chonburi; locality: Lublae Cave, Bothong District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2019; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2019; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU0739; recordedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; individualCount: 11; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Rayong; locality: Wat Tam Wattana Mongkol, Khaochamao District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2020; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2020; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU0740; recordedBy: Piyaporn Muenrit; individualCount: 11; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Rayong; locality: Pradoo Cave, Khaochamao District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2020; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2020; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU0741; recordedBy: Sasicha Techama; individualCount: 11; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Rayong; locality: Khao Pratun, Khaochamao District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2020; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2020; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU0742; recordedBy: Onchira Saenkamon; individualCount: 11; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Rayong; locality: Khao Pratun, Khaochamao District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2020; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2020; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU0744; recordedBy: Sirilak Bu-On; individualCount: 24; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Rayong; locality: Khao Pratun, Khaochamao District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2020; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2020; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU0758; recordedBy: Noppadon Wiboonpuech; individualCount: 11; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Rayong; locality: Khao Pratun, Khaochamao District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2020; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2020; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Distribution

Limestone areas in Chonburi and Rayong provinces Dumrongrojwattana, Kamtuptim & Wongkamhaeng 2020 sp. n. A2E6CA09-8B19-5151-9EB3-26A78E1A0F48 B98B3418-9B9F-4F5E-AD09-C6DB5AEBE2AA Type status: Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU-0747; recordedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; individualCount: 1; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; disposition: in collection; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Srakeo; locality: Wat Tam Khaochan, Khaochakan District; verbatimElevation: 120-130 m; verbatimCoordinates: ; decimalLatitude: 13.525939; decimalLongitude: 102.076315; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2020; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2020; habitat: The wall of limestone hills that is located in a temple which is surrounded by variety of plants including the member of ; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU 0748; recordedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; individualCount: 26; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Srakeo; locality: Wat Tam Khaochan, Khaochakan District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2020; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2020; habitat: The wall of three limestone hills that is located in a temple which issurrounded by variety of plants including the members of ; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Description

Holotype: Shell height 3.59 mm, shell width 1.91 mm. Aperture height 0.93 mm, aperture width 1.86 mm. Shell width/shell height ratio = 0.53. Aperture width/aperture height ratio = 1.15 (Fig. 2A).
Figure 2.

Four from eastern Thailand. A) Panha et al., 1998, B) sp. n., C) sp. nov. and D) sp. n. Each species shows a frontal view, lateral view, dorsal view and the number of ribs per 0.5 mm on the penultimate whorl and body whorl, respectively.

Paratypes: Shell height 3.59-4.35 mm (4.11 ± 0.11 mm) shell width 1.91-2.35 mm (2.21 ± 0.07 mm). Aperture height 0.93-1.19 mm (1.08 ± 0.06 mm). Aperture width 1.07-1.47 mm (1.39 ± 0.07 mm). Shell width/shell height ratio = 0.54 ± 0.02. Aperture width/aperture height ratio = 1.29 ± 0.05. Shell minute dextral, elongated narrow, turreted with 7 ¾ round whorls that increase regularly in size and diameter until the last whorl; protoconch orange, smooth, consisting of 1 ¼ whorls, covered with minute pits; teleoconch light orange, consists of about 5 ¾ whorls that increase regularly in size and diameter until the last whorl; spires shouldered; sculpture consists of rather even and rather widely-spaced radial ribs with about 8 ribs/mm on the penultimate whorl and about 6 ribs/mm on the body whorl, the discernible spiral striae between the ribspresent; sutures deep; umbilicus closed; aperture round; peristome is thickened and expanded and doubled; columellar lamella rather bluntly rounded (Fig. 4).
Figure 4.

Synopsis of eastern diplommatind species. A) , B-C) Holotype and paratypes of sp. n., D-E) Holotype and paratypes of sp. n., F-G) Holotype and paratypes of sp. n., H-I) Holotype and paratypes of sp. n. and J-K) Holotype and paratypes of sp. n. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Diagnosis

Shell minute, dextral, turreted, translucent, whitish; protoconch smooth; teleoconch sculpture of widely-spaced radial ribs with discernible spiral striae between the ribs, Aperture rounded, columellar lamella well developed, peristome doubled, thickened and expanded.

Etymology

We named this new species “,” which means “eastern.” This refers to the type locality, which is located in the east and is also in honour of Burapha University, the workplace of the authors. This species is known only from the type locality.

Taxon discussion

The size of the shell, shape of the shell and protoconch of sp. n. are similar to Panha & Burch, 1998 from Doi Chiang Dao, northern Thailand and Laotian species, Möllendorff, 1900. The spire of sp. n. is relatively broader than that of those two species. The enlarged penultimate whorl and the body whorl of sp. n. are relatively similar in diameter, while the last whorls of both and are smaller in diameter than the enlarged penultimate whorl. This new species columellar is poorly developed, while well developed in and . Kamtuptim, Dumrongrojwattana & Wongkamhaeng 2020 sp. n. 16AF65E0-732C-5168-ABFC-D1B333EBD608 4ACB0FCD-80A2-44C1-A213-3734A0F3B5F0 Type status: Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU-0092; recordedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; individualCount: 1; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Chanthaburi; locality: Wat Khaowongkotrujiwongsaram, Kanghaengmaeo District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2020; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU-0093; recordedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; individualCount: 29; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Chanthaburi; locality: Wat Tam Khaochan, Khaochakan District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2020; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Holotype. Shell height 1.61 mm, shell width 0.78 mm. Aperture height 0.50 mm, aperture width 0.60 mm. Shell width/shell height ratio = 0.49. Aperture width/aperture height ratio = 1.21 (Fig. 2C). Paratypes (6 shells). Shell height 1.93-2.07 mm (1.98 ± 0.05 mm), shell width 0.84-0.93 mm (0.88 ± 0.03 mm). Aperture height 0.51-0.63 mm (0.58 ± 0.05 mm). Aperture width 0.59-0.67 mm (0.63 ± 0.02 mm). Shell width/shell height ratio = 0.45 ± 0.01. Aperture width/aperture height ratio = 1.09 ± 0.07. Shell minute dextral, cylindrical, translucent, whitish, with about 5 ¾ whorls that increase regularly in size and diameter until the last whorl; protoconch orange, smooth, consisting of 1 ½ whorls; teleoconch light orange, consisting of about 4 ¼ keeled whorls; sculpture consists of strong, rather narrowly-spaced radial ribs which are about 20 ribs/mm on the penultimate whorl and about 14 ribs/mm on the body whorl; sutures well impressed; umbilicus closed; aperture round; peristome thickened and expanded and doubled; columellar lamella well developed and directed anteriorly (Fig. 4). Shell minute, dextral, cylindrical, translucent, whitish, teleoconch sculpture of narrowly-spaced axial ribs, whorls aperture rounded, columellar lamella well developed, peristome thickened, expanded and doubled. We named this new species “” in memory of the second author's beloved mother, Ms. Wiang Chadathong. Only known from the type locality. sp. n. is another one of the Thai smallest species (average shell height = 1.69 ± 0.04 mm) and same size as Panha & Burch, 1998 (shell height of type specimens are 1.6-1.7 mm and average shell height = 1.69 ± 0.04 mm). This new species differs from by its dextral, cylindrical, narrowly-fine radial ribs, while the smallest species is sinistral, shell fusiform or ovate with widely-spaced radial ribs. This new species differs from Godwin-Austen, 1917 from Nepal by its shell being more slender and columellar lamella well developed. Dumrongrojwattana, Kamtuptim & Wongkamhaeng 2020 sp. n. BEE18D52-FE05-5835-8823-1D56004680F1 2573D215-407A-42C5-AD42-7E365477CA7D Type status: Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU-0090; recordedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; individualCount: 1; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Chanthaburi; locality: Wat Khao Wong Kot, Kanghaengmaeo District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2020; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU-0091; recordedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; individualCount: 29; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Chanthaburi; locality: Wat Khao Wong Kot, Kanghaengmaeo District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2020; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Holotype. Shell height 3.56 mm, shell width 1.64 mm. Aperture height 1.03 mm, aperture width 1.23 mm. Shell width/shell height ratio = 0.46. Aperture width/aperture height ratio = 1.19 (Fig. 2D). Paratypes (7 shells). Shell height 2.56-2.85 mm (2.67 ± 0.10 mm) shell width 1.13-1.28 mm (1.24 ± 0.05 mm). Aperture height 0.73-0.85 mm (0.77 ± 0.06 mm). Aperture width 0.73-1.01 mm (0.93 ± 0.08 mm). Shell width/shell height ratio = 0.46 ± 0.02. Aperture width/aperture height ratio = 1.20 ± 0.13.Shell minute dextral, fusiform, translucent, whitish, with about 7 whorls that increase regularly in both size and diameter until the last whorl which is slightly smaller in diameter than the penultimate whorl; protoconch large, whitish, smooth, surface cover with minute pits, consisting of 1 ¼ whorls; teleoconch about 5 ¼ whorls, whitish; sculpture consists of thin, widely-spaced radial ribs which about 9 ribs/mm on the penultimate whorl and about 6 ribs/mm on the body whorl, discernible spiral striae between the ribs absent; sutures deeply impressed; umbilicus closed; aperture rounded; peristome thicked and expanded; columellar lamella is relatively small (Fig. 4). Shell minute, dextral, translucent, whitish, protoconch large, teleoconch sculpture consisting of widely-spaced axial ribs, spiral striae between the ribs absent; aperture rounded, columellar lamella relatively small, peristome thickened and expanded. The species name “” refers to Chantaburi, the Province of the type locality. Only known from the type locality. sp. n. is very similar to sp. n. Nevertheless, sp. n. has larger protoconch, shell more slender and no spiral striae between the radial ribs. This new species is also similar to the southern species Panha, 1998, but differs by its prominent protoconch, more widely-radial ribs and columellar lamella is poorly developed. Dumrongrojwattana, Kamtuptim & Wongkamhaeng 2020 sp. n. 51EDA5AD-1843-5208-B481-68F2EB761887 92F4C2C9-E2CC-43EA-825A-5052282885ED Type status: Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU-0105; recordedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; individualCount: 1; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Rayong; locality: Wat Rattanatrikoon, Khaochamao District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2015; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2020; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU-0104; recordedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; individualCount: 18; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Rayong; locality: Wat Rattanatrikoon, Khaochamao District; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana; dateIdentified: 2015; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2020; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Holotype. Shell height 2.66 mm, shell width 1.22 mm. Aperture height 0.76 mm, aperture width 0.94 mm. Shell width/shell height ratio = 0.46. Aperture width/aperture height ratio = 1.23 (Fig. 3A).
Figure 3.

Two species from eastern Thailand. A) spec. nov., B-E) spec. nov., B) Holotype, C-D) Living snail. (Photos by Ms. Rattanawadee Tekavong). Each species shows a frontal view, lateral view, dorsal view and the number of ribs per 0.5 mm on the penultimate whorl and body whorl, respectively.

Paratypes (5 shells). Shell height 2.66-2.74 mm (2.65 ± 0.07 mm) shell width 1.21-1.29 mm (1.25 ± 0.03 mm). Aperture height 0.76-0.87 mm (0.78 ± 0.06 mm). Aperture width 0.82-0.98 mm (0.91 ± 0.06 mm). Shell width/shell height ratio = 0.47 ± 0.02. Aperture width/aperture height ratio = 1.18 ± 0.10. Description. Shell minute dextral, fusiform, translucent, light orange, with about 6 ½ whorls that increase regularly in size and diameter until the last whorl which is slightly smaller in diameter than the penultimate whorl; protoconch orange, smooth, consisting of 1 ¼ whorls; teleoconch light orange, about 5 ¼ whorls; sculpture consists of thin, widely-spaced radial ribs with discernible spiral striae between the ribs; there are about 10 ribs/mm on the penultimate whorl and about 8 ribs/mm on the body whorl; sutures deep; umbilicus closed; aperture rounded, peristome thickened and expanded; columellar lamella relatively small (Fig. 4) . Diagnosis. Shell minute, dextral, translucent light orange, teleoconch sculpture consisting of widely-spaced axial ribs with spiral striae between the ribs; aperture rounded, columellar lamella relatively small, peristome, thickened and expanded. We named this new species “” based on its fusiform shell shape. Only known from the type locality. sp. n. is similar to the southern species, Panha, 1998, but it differs by its more widely-ribbed shell, its more slender spire and its less prominent columellar lamella. Dumrongrojwattana, Kamtuptim & Wongkamhaeng 2020 sp. n. D6207A03-7664-5B49-BB45-E5D13EA1C0FF 4311F0B5-9CA7-460F-9637-1C11F9BEDD86 Type status: Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU-0190; recordedBy: Kanita Khwantong; individualCount: 1; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Chonburi; locality: Lub Lae Cave, Bothong district, Chonburi Province; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Kanita Khwantong; dateIdentified: 2015; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2020; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU-0102; recordedBy: Kanita Khwantong; individualCount: 5; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Chonburi; locality: Lub Lae Cave, Bothong district, Chonburi Province; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Kanita Khwantong; dateIdentified: 2015; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2020; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU-0757; recordedBy: Rattanawadee Tekavong; individualCount: 5; lifeStage: adult; preparations: dry shell material; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Chonburi; locality: Lub Lae Cave, Bothong district, Chonburi Province; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongroiwattana; dateIdentified: 2015; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2020; year: 2020; month: 7; day: 11; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ZRCBUU-0759; occurrenceRemarks: Three live specimens were collected and reared in the laboratory for few months. All specimens were preserved in ethanol.; recordedBy: Rattanawadee Tekavong; individualCount: 3; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: ; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Chonburi; locality: Lub Lae Cave, Bothong district, Chonburi Province; verbatimCoordinates: ; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Pongrat Dumrongroiwattana; dateIdentified: 2015; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 2020; year: 2020; month: 7; day: 11; habitat: limestone hills; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Mollusc; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Holotype- Shell height 3.59 mm, shell width 1.91 mm. Aperture height 0.93 mm, aperture width 1.86 mm. Shell width/shell height ratio = 0.53. Aperture width/aperture height ratio = 1.15. (Fig. 3B-E). Paratypes: (6 shells). Shell height 1.68-1.76 mm (1.69 ± 0.04 mm), shell width 0.78-0.81 mm (0.81 ± 0.04 mm). Aperture height 0.46-0.58 mm (0.53 ± 0.04 mm). Aperture width 0.53-0.61 mm (0.59 ± 0.03 mm). Shell width/shell height ratio = 0.48 ± 0.03. Aperture width/aperture height ratio = 1.12 ± 0.07. Shell minute dextral, cylindrical, light orange, with about 7 whorls that increase regularly in size and diameter until the last whorl; protoconch orange, smooth, consisting of 1 ¼ whorls, covered with minute pits; teleoconch light orange, consisting of about 5 ¾ whorls; spires shouldered; sculpture consists of rather even and widely-spaced thin radial ribs with discernible spiral striae between the ribs; there are about 8 ribs/mm on the penultimate whorl and about 6 ribs/mm on the body whorl; sutures deep; umbilicus closed; aperture round; peristome thickened and expanded and doubled; columellar lamella rather bluntly rounded. Animal. Living animals had a greyish body, head, tentacles and foot, with an orange eye located at the base of each tentacle (Fig. 3C-E). The operculum was round and corneous. Snails were found living in leaf litter and plant debris in the limestone hills. Due to the small population of each species, the live specimens of all species found in this study are hard to find. More observation and further study on anatomy are needed. Shell minute, dextral, cylindrical, light orange, teleoconch sculpture of widely-spaced and high radial ribs, aperture rounded, columellar lamella well developed, peristome thickened and expanded. We named this new species “” in memory of Ms. Kanita Khwantong, who made the first discovery of this new species. This species is known only from the limestone hills in Chonburi and Rayong Provinces. The shell shape of is generally fusiform or tower-shaped with mostly low and strong radial ribs, which are formed as tubular projections in some species and mostly rounded or angular periphery whorls. For example, the shell of is fusiform covered with low and strong radial ribs or the shell of Panha et al., 2002 has tower-shaped, radial ribs forming as semi-tubular peripheral projections. In this new species, sp. n. is a very distinct species of epitoniid snail due to its cylindrical, thin radial ribs and shouldered whorls.

Discussion

In Thailand, a total of 18 species have been reported (Inkhavilay et al. 2019,Panha and Burch 2005, Tongkerd et al. 2013). From that, there is only one species, recorded in eastern Thailand. This work increases the number of species reported in the eastern part of Thailand to five species and makes a total of 22 species of the in Thailand. These data imply that eastern Thailand might be a hot spot for the Previous research on this microsnails' group reveals the high endemism in almost every species due to their ecology, living on the limestone hill that limits their dispersal ability (Panha and Burch 2005). In this study, the species described also show high endemism except for the , which occurred in almost all study sites. (Fig. 5)
Figure 5.

Distribution of spp. in Eastern Thailand. Code of location shown in Table 1.

  1 in total

Review 1.  Annotated checklist of the terrestrial molluscs from Laos (Mollusca, Gastropoda).

Authors:  Khamla Inkhavilay; Chirasak Sutcharit; Ueangfa Bantaowong; Ratmanee Chanabun; Warut Siriwut; Ruttapon Srisonchai; Arthit Pholyotha; Parin Jirapatrasilp; Somsak Panha
Journal:  Zookeys       Date:  2019-04-03       Impact factor: 1.546
  1 in total

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