Richard F Spaide1, Gerardo Ledesma-Gil1,2, Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung3,4. 1. Vitreous, Macula, Retina Consultants, New York, New York. 2. Institute of Ophthalmology, Fundación Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico. 3. Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; and. 4. Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the choroidal vascular patterns of patients with pachychoroid-related diseases in eyes images with wide-field indocyanine green angiography. METHODS: Retrospective study of wide-field indocyanine green angiographic images of patients with pachychoroid, peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome, central serous chorioretinopathy, and pachychoroid-associated neovascularization that were evaluated for anastomoses between vortex vein systems, which are ordinarily separated by a watershed zone. RESULTS: There were 21 subjects with a mean age of 57.4 years and 15 were male. Among the 42 eyes evaluated, central serous chorioretinopathy was found in 24 eyes (57.1%), peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome in 5 (11.9%), pachychoroid associated neovascularization in 7 (16.7%), and pachychoroid in 6 (14.3%). Every eye showed anastomosis between the superonasal, superotemporal, and inferotemporal vortex vein systems. The inferonasal vortex vein system was less likely to demonstrate anastomosis except for peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome, which showed anastomosis in all eyes. The anastomotic connections were prominent in the central macula in the central serous chorioretinopathy and pachychoroid-associated neovascularization cases, and around the nerve in the peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome cases. Although the large choroidal veins were particularly prominent in the neovascular cases, the number was fewer in the macular region than in other pachychoroid-related diseases in this series. Compared with a control group of nine eyes, the inferotemporal-superotemporal-superonasal anastomotic connections were more common in the case group (P < 0.001) and inferonasal quadrant (P = 0.023 right eye; P = 0.01, left eye). CONCLUSION: Intervortex venous anastomosis is common in pachychoroid, central serous chorioretinopathy, peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome, and pachychoroid-associated neovascularization. This finding has important implications concerning pathogenesis and classification of disease.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the choroidal vascular patterns of patients with pachychoroid-related diseases in eyes images with wide-field indocyanine green angiography. METHODS: Retrospective study of wide-field indocyanine green angiographic images of patients with pachychoroid, peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome, central serous chorioretinopathy, and pachychoroid-associated neovascularization that were evaluated for anastomoses between vortex vein systems, which are ordinarily separated by a watershed zone. RESULTS: There were 21 subjects with a mean age of 57.4 years and 15 were male. Among the 42 eyes evaluated, central serous chorioretinopathy was found in 24 eyes (57.1%), peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome in 5 (11.9%), pachychoroid associated neovascularization in 7 (16.7%), and pachychoroid in 6 (14.3%). Every eye showed anastomosis between the superonasal, superotemporal, and inferotemporal vortex vein systems. The inferonasal vortex vein system was less likely to demonstrate anastomosis except for peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome, which showed anastomosis in all eyes. The anastomotic connections were prominent in the central macula in the central serous chorioretinopathy and pachychoroid-associated neovascularization cases, and around the nerve in the peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome cases. Although the large choroidal veins were particularly prominent in the neovascular cases, the number was fewer in the macular region than in other pachychoroid-related diseases in this series. Compared with a control group of nine eyes, the inferotemporal-superotemporal-superonasal anastomotic connections were more common in the case group (P < 0.001) and inferonasal quadrant (P = 0.023 right eye; P = 0.01, left eye). CONCLUSION: Intervortex venous anastomosis is common in pachychoroid, central serous chorioretinopathy, peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome, and pachychoroid-associated neovascularization. This finding has important implications concerning pathogenesis and classification of disease.
Authors: Beau J Fenner; Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung; Shaun S Sim; Won Ki Lee; Giovanni Staurenghi; Timothy Y Y Lai; Paisan Ruamviboonsuk; Gregg Kokame; Yasuo Yanagi; Kelvin Y C Teo Journal: Eye (Lond) Date: 2021-07-14 Impact factor: 3.775