Hassan Alwafi1, Alaa A Alsharif2, Li Wei3, Dean Langan4, Abdallah Y Naser5, Pajaree Mongkhon6, J Simon Bell7, Jenni Ilomaki7, Mansour S Al Metwazi8, Kenneth K C Man9, Gang Fang10, Ian C K Wong11. 1. Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia. 2. Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 3. Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom. 4. UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom. 5. Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Isra University, Amman, Jordan. 6. Department of Pharmacy Practice School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand; Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center (PESRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. 7. Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. 8. Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 9. Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom; Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. 10. Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States. 11. Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom; Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, 1, Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. Electronic address: i.wong@ucl.ac.uk.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Previous meta-analysis investigating the incidence and prevalence of hypoglycaemia in both types of diabetes is limited. The purpose of this review is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing literature which investigates the incidence and prevalence of hypoglycaemia in individuals with diabetes. METHODS: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library databases were searched up to October 2018. Observational studies including individuals with diabetes of all ages and reporting incidence and/or prevalence of hypoglycaemia were included. Two reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data and assessed the quality of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model with 95% confidence interval (CI) to estimate the pooled incidence and prevalence of hypoglycaemia in individuals with diabetes. RESULTS: Our search strategy generated 35,007 articles, of which 72 studies matched the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of hypoglycaemia ranged from 0.074% to 73.0%, comprising a total of 2,462,810 individuals with diabetes. The incidence rate of hypoglycaemia ranged from 0.072 to 42,890 episodes per 1,000 person-years: stratified by type of diabetes, it ranged from 14.5 to 42,890 episodes per 1,000 person-years and from 0.072 to 16,360 episodes per 1,000-person years in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. CONCLUSION: Hypoglycaemia is very common among individuals with diabetes. Further studies are needed to investigate hypoglycaemia-associated risk factors.
BACKGROUND: Previous meta-analysis investigating the incidence and prevalence of hypoglycaemia in both types of diabetes is limited. The purpose of this review is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing literature which investigates the incidence and prevalence of hypoglycaemia in individuals with diabetes. METHODS: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library databases were searched up to October 2018. Observational studies including individuals with diabetes of all ages and reporting incidence and/or prevalence of hypoglycaemia were included. Two reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data and assessed the quality of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model with 95% confidence interval (CI) to estimate the pooled incidence and prevalence of hypoglycaemia in individuals with diabetes. RESULTS: Our search strategy generated 35,007 articles, of which 72 studies matched the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of hypoglycaemia ranged from 0.074% to 73.0%, comprising a total of 2,462,810 individuals with diabetes. The incidence rate of hypoglycaemia ranged from 0.072 to 42,890 episodes per 1,000 person-years: stratified by type of diabetes, it ranged from 14.5 to 42,890 episodes per 1,000 person-years and from 0.072 to 16,360 episodes per 1,000-person years in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. CONCLUSION: Hypoglycaemia is very common among individuals with diabetes. Further studies are needed to investigate hypoglycaemia-associated risk factors.
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