Anita Lyubenova1, Dipika Neupane1,2, Brooke Levis1,2,3, Yin Wu1,2,4, Ying Sun1, Chen He1,2, Ankur Krishnan1, Parash M Bhandari1,2, Zelalem Negeri1,2, Mahrukh Imran1, Danielle B Rice1,5, Marleine Azar1,2, Matthew J Chiovitti1, Nazanin Saadat1, Kira E Riehm1,6, Jill T Boruff7, John P A Ioannidis8,9,10,11, Pim Cuijpers12, Simon Gilbody13, Lorie A Kloda14, Scott B Patten15,16,17, Ian Shrier1,2,18, Roy C Ziegelstein19, Liane Comeau20, Nicholas D Mitchell21,22, Marcello Tonelli23, Simone N Vigod24, Franca Aceti25, Jacqueline Barnes26, Amar D Bavle27, Cheryl T Beck28, Carola Bindt29, Philip M Boyce30,31, Adomas Bunevicius32, Linda H Chaudron33, Nicolas Favez34,35, Barbara Figueiredo36, Lluïsa Garcia-Esteve37,38,39, Lisa Giardinelli40, Nadine Helle29, Louise M Howard41,42, Jane Kohlhoff43,44,45, Laima Kusminskas46, Zoltán Kozinszky47, Lorenzo Lelli40, Angeliki A Leonardou48, Valentina Meuti25, Sandra N Radoš49, Purificación N García37,50, Susan J Pawlby41, Chantal Quispel51, Emma Robertson-Blackmore52, Tamsen J Rochat53,54, Deborah J Sharp55, Bonnie W M Siu56, Alan Stein57,58, Robert C Stewart59,60, Meri Tadinac61, S Darius Tandon62, Iva Tendais36, Annamária Töreki63, Anna Torres-Giménez37,38,39, Thach D Tran64, Kylee Trevillion41, Katherine Turner65, Johann M Vega-Dienstmaier66, Andrea Benedetti2,67,68, Brett D Thombs1,2,4,5,68,69,70. 1. Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada. 2. Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada. 3. School of Primary, Centre for Prognosis Research, Community and Social Care, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK. 4. Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada. 5. Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada. 6. Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 7. Schulich Library of Physical Sciences, Life Sciences, and Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada. 8. Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. 9. Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. 10. Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. 11. Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. 12. Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, EMGO Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 13. Hull York Medical School and the Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK. 14. Library, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada. 15. Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 16. Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 17. Cuthbertson & Fischer Chair in Pediatric Mental Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 18. Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada. 19. Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 20. International Union for Health Promotion and Health Education, École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada. 21. Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 22. Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 23. Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 24. Women's College Hospital and Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 25. Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. 26. Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK. 27. Department of Psychiatry, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. 28. University of Connecticut School of Nursing, Mansfield, Connecticut, USA. 29. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. 30. Discipline of Psychiatry, Westmead Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 31. Department of Psychiatry, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 32. Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania. 33. Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA. 34. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. 35. IUP, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. 36. School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. 37. Perinatal Mental Health Unit CLINIC-BCN, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain. 38. Vulnerability, Psychopathology and Gender Research Group, Barcelona, Spain. 39. August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. 40. Department of Health Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy. 41. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. 42. South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. 43. School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia. 44. Ingham Institute, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia. 45. Karitane, Carramar, New South Wales, Australia. 46. Private Practice, Hamburg, Germany. 47. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. 48. First Department of Psychiatry, Women's Mental Health Clinic, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece. 49. Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia. 50. Psychology Service, Regidoria de Polítiques de Gènere, Ajuntament de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain. 51. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Albert Schweitzer Ziekenhuis, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. 52. Halifax Health, Graduate Medical Education, Daytona Beach, Florida, USA. 53. MRC/Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. 54. Human and Social Development Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa. 55. Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. 56. Department of Psychiatry, Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China. 57. Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 58. MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. 59. Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. 60. Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit (MEIRU), Lilongwe, Malawi. 61. Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. 62. Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. 63. Department of Emergency, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. 64. School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 65. Epilepsy Center-Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy. 66. Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú. 67. Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada. 68. Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada. 69. Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada. 70. Biomedical Ethics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Estimates of depression prevalence in pregnancy and postpartum are based on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) more than on any other method. We aimed to determine if any EPDS cutoff can accurately and consistently estimate depression prevalence in individual studies. METHODS: We analyzed datasets that compared EPDS scores to Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID) major depression status. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to compare prevalence with EPDS cutoffs versus the SCID. RESULTS: Seven thousand three hundred and fifteen participants (1017 SCID major depression) from 29 primary studies were included. For EPDS cutoffs used to estimate prevalence in recent studies (≥9 to ≥14), pooled prevalence estimates ranged from 27.8% (95% CI: 22.0%-34.5%) for EPDS ≥ 9 to 9.0% (95% CI: 6.8%-11.9%) for EPDS ≥ 14; pooled SCID major depression prevalence was 9.0% (95% CI: 6.5%-12.3%). EPDS ≥14 provided pooled prevalence closest to SCID-based prevalence but differed from SCID prevalence in individual studies by a mean absolute difference of 5.1% (95% prediction interval: -13.7%, 12.3%). CONCLUSION: EPDS ≥14 approximated SCID-based prevalence overall, but considerable heterogeneity in individual studies is a barrier to using it for prevalence estimation.
OBJECTIVES: Estimates of depression prevalence in pregnancy and postpartum are based on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) more than on any other method. We aimed to determine if any EPDS cutoff can accurately and consistently estimate depression prevalence in individual studies. METHODS: We analyzed datasets that compared EPDS scores to Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID) major depression status. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to compare prevalence with EPDS cutoffs versus the SCID. RESULTS: Seven thousand three hundred and fifteen participants (1017 SCID major depression) from 29 primary studies were included. For EPDS cutoffs used to estimate prevalence in recent studies (≥9 to ≥14), pooled prevalence estimates ranged from 27.8% (95% CI: 22.0%-34.5%) for EPDS ≥ 9 to 9.0% (95% CI: 6.8%-11.9%) for EPDS ≥ 14; pooled SCID major depression prevalence was 9.0% (95% CI: 6.5%-12.3%). EPDS ≥14 provided pooled prevalence closest to SCID-based prevalence but differed from SCID prevalence in individual studies by a mean absolute difference of 5.1% (95% prediction interval: -13.7%, 12.3%). CONCLUSION: EPDS ≥14 approximated SCID-based prevalence overall, but considerable heterogeneity in individual studies is a barrier to using it for prevalence estimation.
Authors: Jason Prenoveau; Michelle Craske; Nicholas Counsell; Valerie West; Beverley Davies; Peter Cooper; Elizabeth Rapa; Alan Stein Journal: Depress Anxiety Date: 2013-01-03 Impact factor: 6.505
Authors: Brooke Levis; Dean McMillan; Ying Sun; Chen He; Danielle B Rice; Ankur Krishnan; Yin Wu; Marleine Azar; Tatiana A Sanchez; Matthew J Chiovitti; Parash Mani Bhandari; Dipika Neupane; Nazanin Saadat; Kira E Riehm; Mahrukh Imran; Jill T Boruff; Pim Cuijpers; Simon Gilbody; John P A Ioannidis; Lorie A Kloda; Scott B Patten; Ian Shrier; Roy C Ziegelstein; Liane Comeau; Nicholas D Mitchell; Marcello Tonelli; Simone N Vigod; Franca Aceti; Rubén Alvarado; Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel; Muideen O Bakare; Jacqueline Barnes; Cheryl Tatano Beck; Carola Bindt; Philip M Boyce; Adomas Bunevicius; Tiago Castro E Couto; Linda H Chaudron; Humberto Correa; Felipe Pinheiro de Figueiredo; Valsamma Eapen; Michelle Fernandes; Barbara Figueiredo; Jane R W Fisher; Lluïsa Garcia-Esteve; Lisa Giardinelli; Nadine Helle; Louise M Howard; Dina Sami Khalifa; Jane Kohlhoff; Laima Kusminskas; Zoltán Kozinszky; Lorenzo Lelli; Angeliki A Leonardou; Beth A Lewis; Michael Maes; Valentina Meuti; Sandra Nakić Radoš; Purificación Navarro García; Daisuke Nishi; Daniel Okitundu Luwa E-Andjafono; Emma Robertson-Blackmore; Tamsen J Rochat; Heather J Rowe; Bonnie W M Siu; Alkistis Skalkidou; Alan Stein; Robert C Stewart; Kuan-Pin Su; Inger Sundström-Poromaa; Meri Tadinac; S Darius Tandon; Iva Tendais; Pavaani Thiagayson; Annamária Töreki; Anna Torres-Giménez; Thach D Tran; Kylee Trevillion; Katherine Turner; Johann M Vega-Dienstmaier; Karen Wynter; Kimberly A Yonkers; Andrea Benedetti; Brett D Thombs Journal: Int J Methods Psychiatr Res Date: 2019-09-30 Impact factor: 4.035
Authors: Miruna C Barbu; Carmen Amador; Alex S F Kwong; Xueyi Shen; Mark J Adams; David M Howard; Rosie M Walker; Stewart W Morris; Josine L Min; Chunyu Liu; Jenny van Dongen; Mohsen Ghanbari; Caroline Relton; David J Porteous; Archie Campbell; Kathryn L Evans; Heather C Whalley; Andrew M McIntosh Journal: EBioMedicine Date: 2022-04-29 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Zuzana Škodová; Ľubica Bánovčinová; Eva Urbanová; Marián Grendár; Martina Bašková Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-06-10 Impact factor: 3.390