Pregnancies following in vitro fertilization and ultrasound-directed surgical embryo transfer by perurethral and transvaginal techniques.

Ultrasound-directed surgical ET is useful in patients with a history of difficult cervical (nonsurgical) transfer, and was performed without complications in the small group reported here. The technique is straightforward, and requires no greater expertise than that necessary for ultrasound-guided oocyte collection. However, further studies are necessary to assess its role in the routine transfer of embryos following IVF.