W H Polonsky1, A L Fortmann2. 1. Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA; Behavioral Diabetes Institute, San Diego, CA, USA. Electronic address: whp@behavioraldiabetes.org. 2. Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Abstract
AIMS: To investigate the impact of time in range (TIR) on mood in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS: We followed a cohort of 219 T1D adults, all currently employing a real-time continuous glucose monitoring system (RT-CGM), to investigate how daily changes in CGM metrics were associated with nightly reports of positive and negative mood over a two-week period. RESULTS: Greater daily %TIR (70-180 mg/dL) and less time in "severe" hyperglycemia (% time above range (TAR) > 300 mg/dL) were both significantly associated with higher ratings on all positive mood elements and lower ratings on most negative mood elements (all ps < 0.05). When entered together as predictors, %TIR but not %TAR >300 emerged as an independent predictor of many of the positive and negative mood variables. Neither daily changes in time spent in hypoglycemia (< 70 mg/dL) nor glycemic variability (represented by the coefficient of variation) were significantly related to reported mood. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence that time in range (%TIR) is associated with, and likely enhances, daily mood. Consistent with previous studies, we also found that more time spent in "severe" hyperglycemia is linked to more negative mood.
AIMS: To investigate the impact of time in range (TIR) on mood in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS: We followed a cohort of 219 T1D adults, all currently employing a real-time continuous glucose monitoring system (RT-CGM), to investigate how daily changes in CGM metrics were associated with nightly reports of positive and negative mood over a two-week period. RESULTS: Greater daily %TIR (70-180 mg/dL) and less time in "severe" hyperglycemia (% time above range (TAR) > 300 mg/dL) were both significantly associated with higher ratings on all positive mood elements and lower ratings on most negative mood elements (all ps < 0.05). When entered together as predictors, %TIR but not %TAR >300 emerged as an independent predictor of many of the positive and negative mood variables. Neither daily changes in time spent in hypoglycemia (< 70 mg/dL) nor glycemic variability (represented by the coefficient of variation) were significantly related to reported mood. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence that time in range (%TIR) is associated with, and likely enhances, daily mood. Consistent with previous studies, we also found that more time spent in "severe" hyperglycemia is linked to more negative mood.
Authors: Norbert Hermanns; Dominic Ehrmann; Amit Shapira; Bernhard Kulzer; Andreas Schmitt; Lori Laffel Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2022-04-05 Impact factor: 10.460