Alison D Lydecker1, Patience A Osei2, Lisa Pineles1, J Kristie Johnson3, Jacquelyn Meisel4, O Colin Stine1, Laurence Magder1, Ayse P Gurses2,5, Joan Hebden1, Cagla Oruc2, Lona Mody6,7, Kara Jacobs Slifka8, Nimalie D Stone8, Mary-Claire Roghmann1. 1. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. 2. Armstrong Institute Center for Health Care Human Factors, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. 3. Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. 4. Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. 5. Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. 6. Division of Geriatric and Palliative Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 7. Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 8. Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To test the feasibility of targeted gown and glove use by healthcare personnel caring for high-risk nursing-home residents to prevent Staphylococcus aureus acquisition in short-stay residents. DESIGN: Uncontrolled clinical trial. SETTING: This study was conducted in 2 community-based nursing homes in Maryland. PARTICIPANTS: The study included 322 residents on mixed short- and long-stay units. METHODS: During a 2-month baseline period, all residents had nose and inguinal fold swabs taken to estimate S. aureus acquisition. The intervention was iteratively developed using a participatory human factors engineering approach. During a 2-month intervention period, healthcare personnel wore gowns and gloves for high-risk care activities while caring for residents with wounds or medical devices, and S. aureus acquisition was measured again. Whole-genome sequencing was used to assess whether the acquisition represented resident-to-resident transmission. RESULTS: Among short-stay residents, the methicillin-resistant S. aureus acquisition rate decreased from 11.9% during the baseline period to 3.6% during the intervention period (odds ratio [OR], 0.28; 95% CI, 0.08-0.92; P = .026). The methicillin-susceptible S. aureus acquisition rate went from 9.1% during the baseline period to 4.0% during the intervention period (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.12-1.42; P = .15). The S. aureus resident-to-resident transmission rate decreased from 5.9% during the baseline period to 0.8% during the intervention period. CONCLUSIONS: Targeted gown and glove use by healthcare personnel for high-risk care activities while caring for residents with wounds or medical devices, regardless of their S. aureus colonization status, is feasible and potentially decreases S. aureus acquisition and transmission in short-stay community-based nursing-home residents.
OBJECTIVE: To test the feasibility of targeted gown and glove use by healthcare personnel caring for high-risk nursing-home residents to prevent Staphylococcus aureus acquisition in short-stay residents. DESIGN: Uncontrolled clinical trial. SETTING: This study was conducted in 2 community-based nursing homes in Maryland. PARTICIPANTS: The study included 322 residents on mixed short- and long-stay units. METHODS: During a 2-month baseline period, all residents had nose and inguinal fold swabs taken to estimate S. aureus acquisition. The intervention was iteratively developed using a participatory human factors engineering approach. During a 2-month intervention period, healthcare personnel wore gowns and gloves for high-risk care activities while caring for residents with wounds or medical devices, and S. aureus acquisition was measured again. Whole-genome sequencing was used to assess whether the acquisition represented resident-to-resident transmission. RESULTS: Among short-stay residents, the methicillin-resistant S. aureus acquisition rate decreased from 11.9% during the baseline period to 3.6% during the intervention period (odds ratio [OR], 0.28; 95% CI, 0.08-0.92; P = .026). The methicillin-susceptible S. aureus acquisition rate went from 9.1% during the baseline period to 4.0% during the intervention period (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.12-1.42; P = .15). The S. aureus resident-to-resident transmission rate decreased from 5.9% during the baseline period to 0.8% during the intervention period. CONCLUSIONS: Targeted gown and glove use by healthcare personnel for high-risk care activities while caring for residents with wounds or medical devices, regardless of their S. aureus colonization status, is feasible and potentially decreases S. aureus acquisition and transmission in short-stay community-based nursing-home residents.
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