Chunhui Suh1,2, Laura Punnett3,4. 1. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University, 75 Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea. chsuh@paik.ac.kr. 2. Center for the Promotion of Health in the New England Workplace (CPH-NEW), University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, USA. chsuh@paik.ac.kr. 3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, USA. 4. Center for the Promotion of Health in the New England Workplace (CPH-NEW), University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Surface-acting emotional labor (SaEL) is the requirement to hide or suppress felt emotions to achieve acceptable job performance. It is a common feature of jobs featuring interactions with the public, such as customers or patients. Resulting emotional inauthenticity is associated with psychological strain, but there have been few prospective studies of mental health outcomes. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed in 24 skilled nursing facilities at baseline and 23 facilities 2 years later. Permanent full-time and part-time employees in all jobs were eligible to participate. Respondents in these analyses provided survey information on the frequency of SaEL at baseline and depressive symptoms on both occasions. Those without depression at baseline were deemed at risk. Multivariable logistic regression modeling estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for SaEL, other job features, and demographic characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 939 eligible participants had no depression at baseline; 15% developed depressive symptoms. About two-thirds were direct care providers, including 38% nursing and medical assistants. Adjusted for potential confounders, workers with intermediate and high SaEL had a higher risk (aORs around 2). Symptom onset was also predicted by high work-family conflict, younger age and low decision latitude at work. CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective study of long-term care workers, those who reported experiencing high SaEL at the time of the baseline survey were at higher risk of developing depressive symptoms 2 years later. Both exposure and outcome could have suffered some misclassification. Future studies should examine a broader range of strategies for coping with emotional labor demands.
OBJECTIVE: Surface-acting emotional labor (SaEL) is the requirement to hide or suppress felt emotions to achieve acceptable job performance. It is a common feature of jobs featuring interactions with the public, such as customers or patients. Resulting emotional inauthenticity is associated with psychological strain, but there have been few prospective studies of mental health outcomes. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed in 24 skilled nursing facilities at baseline and 23 facilities 2 years later. Permanent full-time and part-time employees in all jobs were eligible to participate. Respondents in these analyses provided survey information on the frequency of SaEL at baseline and depressive symptoms on both occasions. Those without depression at baseline were deemed at risk. Multivariable logistic regression modeling estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for SaEL, other job features, and demographic characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 939 eligible participants had no depression at baseline; 15% developed depressive symptoms. About two-thirds were direct care providers, including 38% nursing and medical assistants. Adjusted for potential confounders, workers with intermediate and high SaEL had a higher risk (aORs around 2). Symptom onset was also predicted by high work-family conflict, younger age and low decision latitude at work. CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective study of long-term care workers, those who reported experiencing high SaEL at the time of the baseline survey were at higher risk of developing depressive symptoms 2 years later. Both exposure and outcome could have suffered some misclassification. Future studies should examine a broader range of strategies for coping with emotional labor demands.
Entities:
Keywords:
Depression; Health care workers; Mental health; Psychosocial working conditions; Surface-acting emotional labor
Authors: Matthew L Stevens; Kristina Karstad; Svend Erik Mathiassen; Leticia Bergamin Januario; Reiner Rugulies; David M Hallman; Andreas Holtermann Journal: Int Arch Occup Environ Health Date: 2022-04-20 Impact factor: 2.851