Qiao Wang1, Mbatshi Dima2, Ari Ho-Foster3,4, Keneilwe Molebatsi5, Chawangwa Modongo2,4, Nicola M Zetola4, Sanghyuk S Shin1. 1. Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California Irvine, 106F Berk Hall, Irvine, CA92697, USA. 2. Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana. 3. Office of Research and Graduate Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana. 4. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA. 5. Department of Psychiatry, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between food insecurity and HIV infection with depression and anxiety among new tuberculosis (TB) patients. DESIGN: Our cross-sectional study assessed depression, anxiety and food insecurity with Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Zung Anxiety Self-Assessment Scale (ZUNG) and Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, respectively. Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to examine correlates of depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) and anxiety (ZUNG ≥ 36). SETTING: Gaborone, Botswana. PARTICIPANTS: Patients who were newly diagnosed with TB. RESULTS: Between January and December 2019, we enrolled 180 TB patients from primary health clinics in Botswana. Overall, 99 (55·0 %) were HIV positive, 47 (26·1 %), 85 (47·2 %) and 69 (38·5 %) indicated depression, anxiety and moderate to severe food insecurity, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, food insecurity was associated with a higher prevalence of depression (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 2·30; 95 % CI 1·40, 3·78) and anxiety (aPR = 1·41; 95 % CI 1·05, 1·91). Prevalence of depression and anxiety was similar between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected participants. Estimates remained comparable when restricted to HIV-infected participants. CONCLUSIONS: Mental disorders may be affected by food insecurity among new TB patients, regardless of HIV status.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between food insecurity and HIV infection with depression and anxiety among new tuberculosis (TB) patients. DESIGN: Our cross-sectional study assessed depression, anxiety and food insecurity with Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Zung Anxiety Self-Assessment Scale (ZUNG) and Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, respectively. Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to examine correlates of depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) and anxiety (ZUNG ≥ 36). SETTING: Gaborone, Botswana. PARTICIPANTS: Patients who were newly diagnosed with TB. RESULTS: Between January and December 2019, we enrolled 180 TB patients from primary health clinics in Botswana. Overall, 99 (55·0 %) were HIV positive, 47 (26·1 %), 85 (47·2 %) and 69 (38·5 %) indicated depression, anxiety and moderate to severe food insecurity, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, food insecurity was associated with a higher prevalence of depression (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 2·30; 95 % CI 1·40, 3·78) and anxiety (aPR = 1·41; 95 % CI 1·05, 1·91). Prevalence of depression and anxiety was similar between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected participants. Estimates remained comparable when restricted to HIV-infected participants. CONCLUSIONS: Mental disorders may be affected by food insecurity among new TB patients, regardless of HIV status.
Entities:
Keywords:
Common mental disorders; Epidemic; HIV infection; HIV/tuberculosis co-morbidity; Mental illness
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