Ewa Betscher1, Wojciech Guenter1,2,3, Dawn W Langdon4, Robert Bonek5,6. 1. Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroimmunology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Rydygiera 15-17, 86-300 Grudziadz, Poland. 2. Chair and Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland. 3. Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland. 4. Royal Holloway University of London, United Kingdom. 5. Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroimmunology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Rydygiera 15-17, 86-300 Grudziadz, Poland. bonek.robert@gmail.com. 6. Foundation Supporting Development of Neurology and Clinical Neuroimmunology MoA, Mieroslawskiego 16, 85-654 Bydgoszcz, Poland. bonek.robert@gmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is recognised as a significant clinical issue in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). It can occur at any stage of the disease, affecting quality of life, occupational activity, and adherence to therapy. This makes the availability of a validated assessment tool for detecting and monitoring cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis essential. The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis is a practical and simple means of administering a battery of three neuropsychological tests, and does not require any formal neuropsychological training. OBJECTIVE: To establish the validity of BICAMS in the Polish MS population; to assess the correlations of cognitive status with demographic and clinical factors, including affective symptoms and fatigue. METHODS: BICAMS was administered to 61 MS patients and 61 HC subjects. Examination of 20 participants with MS was repeated after one to three weeks to assess test-retest reliability. The patients with MS and HC subjects also completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). RESULTS: The MS group performed worse than the HC group in all three BICAMS components, obtaining the following values respectively: 51.7 and 56.1 (p = 0.02) for CVLT, 25 and 28 (p = 0.03) for BVMT-R, and 48.8 and 57.2 (p < 0.001) for SDMT. All BICAMS tests had very significant correlations in test-retest reliability (r = 0.83, p < 0.001 for CVLT; r = 0.84, p < 0.001 for BVMTR; r = 0.9, p < 0.001 for SDMT). 34% of MS patients presented cognitive dysfunction based on the criterion of one or more test scores below the 5th percentile value of the HC group. Significant anxiety and depressive symptoms were reported by 31.1% and 18.0% of MS patients. 31.1% of PwMS reported significant fatigue. BICAMS test results were not associated with HADS or MFIS scores. CONCLUSIONS: The Polish version of BICAMS is a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of cognitive impairment in patients with MS.
BACKGROUND:Cognitive impairment is recognised as a significant clinical issue in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). It can occur at any stage of the disease, affecting quality of life, occupational activity, and adherence to therapy. This makes the availability of a validated assessment tool for detecting and monitoring cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis essential. The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis is a practical and simple means of administering a battery of three neuropsychological tests, and does not require any formal neuropsychological training. OBJECTIVE: To establish the validity of BICAMS in the Polish MS population; to assess the correlations of cognitive status with demographic and clinical factors, including affective symptoms and fatigue. METHODS: BICAMS was administered to 61 MS patients and 61 HC subjects. Examination of 20 participants with MS was repeated after one to three weeks to assess test-retest reliability. The patients with MS and HC subjects also completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). RESULTS: The MS group performed worse than the HC group in all three BICAMS components, obtaining the following values respectively: 51.7 and 56.1 (p = 0.02) for CVLT, 25 and 28 (p = 0.03) for BVMT-R, and 48.8 and 57.2 (p < 0.001) for SDMT. All BICAMS tests had very significant correlations in test-retest reliability (r = 0.83, p < 0.001 for CVLT; r = 0.84, p < 0.001 for BVMTR; r = 0.9, p < 0.001 for SDMT). 34% of MS patients presented cognitive dysfunction based on the criterion of one or more test scores below the 5th percentile value of the HC group. Significant anxiety and depressive symptoms were reported by 31.1% and 18.0% of MS patients. 31.1% of PwMS reported significant fatigue. BICAMS test results were not associated with HADS or MFIS scores. CONCLUSIONS: The Polish version of BICAMS is a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of cognitive impairment in patients with MS.
Authors: Paulina Wróbel-Knybel; Michał Flis; Joanna Rog; Baland Jalal; Leszek Wołkowski; Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-06-25 Impact factor: 4.614