Localization of the epileptogenic zone based on ictal stereo-electroencephalogram: Brain network and single-channel signal feature analysis.

Accurate localization of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) is crucial for refractory focal epilepsy patients to achieve freedom from seizures following epilepsy surgery. In this study, ictal stereo-electroencephalography data from 35 patients with refractory focal epilepsy were analyzed. Effective networks based on partial directed coherence were analyzed, and a gray level co-occurrence matrix was applied to extract the time-varying features of the in-degree. These features, combined with the single-channel signal time-frequency features, including approximate entropy and line length, were used to localize the EZ based on a cluster algorithm. For all seizure-free patients (n = 23), the proposed method was effective in identifying the clinical-EZ-contacts and clinical-EZ-blocks, with an F1-score of 62.47 % and 72.18 %, respectively. The sensitivity was 96.00 % for the clinical-EZ-block identification, which provided the information for the decision-making of clinicians, prompting clinicians to focus on the identified EZ-blocks and their nearby contacts. The agreement between the EZ identified by the proposed method and the clinical-EZ was worse for non-seizure-free patients (n = 12) than for seizure-free patients. Furthermore, our method provided better results than using only brain network or single-channel signal features. This suggests that combining these complementary features can facilitate more accurate localization of the EZ.