Peter Sarich1,2, Karen Canfell3,4,5, Sam Egger3, Emily Banks6, Grace Joshy6, Paul Grogan3,4, Marianne F Weber3,4. 1. Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, PO Box 572, Kings Cross, Sydney, NSW, 1340, Australia. peter.sarich@nswcc.org.au. 2. Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building (A27), Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. peter.sarich@nswcc.org.au. 3. Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, PO Box 572, Kings Cross, Sydney, NSW, 1340, Australia. 4. Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building (A27), Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. 5. Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Edmund Blacket Building, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia. 6. National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Building 62, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although overall alcohol consumption is known to increase the risk of a number of cancers internationally, evidence for Australia and evidence regarding the pattern of drinking and cancer risk is limited. METHODS: Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cancer risk in relation to overall alcohol consumption (drinks/week) and pattern of drinking were calculated using Cox proportional hazard regressions for 226,162 participants aged ≥45 years (2006-2009) in the 45 and Up Study, an Australian prospective cohort study. Incident primary cancer cases were ascertained by linkage to the New South Wales Cancer Registry to 2013 by the Centre for Health Record Linkage. RESULTS: Over a median of 5.4 years, 17,332 cancers were diagnosed. Increasing levels of alcohol intake were associated with increased risk of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (1.19; 1.10-1.29), mouth and pharynx (1.18; 1.08-1.29), oesophagus (1.22; 1.04-1.43), colorectum (1.09; 1.04-1.15), colon (1.13; 1.06-1.20), liver (1.22; 1.04-1.44) and breast (1.11; 1.02-1.21). Breast cancer risk was marginally associated with drinking pattern, with higher risk when intake was concentrated on 1-3 days/week compared to the same amount spread over 4-7 days (Pinteraction = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol consumption confers a significant risk of cancer, and drinking pattern may be independently related to breast cancer risk.
BACKGROUND: Although overall alcohol consumption is known to increase the risk of a number of cancers internationally, evidence for Australia and evidence regarding the pattern of drinking and cancer risk is limited. METHODS: Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cancer risk in relation to overall alcohol consumption (drinks/week) and pattern of drinking were calculated using Cox proportional hazard regressions for 226,162 participants aged ≥45 years (2006-2009) in the 45 and Up Study, an Australian prospective cohort study. Incident primary cancer cases were ascertained by linkage to the New South Wales Cancer Registry to 2013 by the Centre for Health Record Linkage. RESULTS: Over a median of 5.4 years, 17,332 cancers were diagnosed. Increasing levels of alcohol intake were associated with increased risk of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (1.19; 1.10-1.29), mouth and pharynx (1.18; 1.08-1.29), oesophagus (1.22; 1.04-1.43), colorectum (1.09; 1.04-1.15), colon (1.13; 1.06-1.20), liver (1.22; 1.04-1.44) and breast (1.11; 1.02-1.21). Breast cancer risk was marginally associated with drinking pattern, with higher risk when intake was concentrated on 1-3 days/week compared to the same amount spread over 4-7 days (Pinteraction = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS:Alcohol consumption confers a significant risk of cancer, and drinking pattern may be independently related to breast cancer risk.
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