The genome sequence of Mesua ferrea and comparative demographic histories of forest trees.

Mesua ferrea (Family: Calophyllaceae) is a tropical forest plant used for timber, biofuel, and traditional medicine. Colloquially, it is known as Nagkesar (Cobra saffron) and is the state flower of Tripura (India). In this study, we perform the whole-genome assembly of Mesua ferrea using ~180X coverage paired-end Illumina data. Our de novo assembly is 614 Mega-base pair (Mbp), has an N50 of 392 Kilo-base pairs (Kbp), and an assembly quality comparable to other published Malpighiales genomes. Further, we collate the genomic datasets of 14 additional forest tree species to compare the temporal dynamics of Effective Population Size (Ne) and find evidence of a substantial bottleneck in all tropical forest plants during Mid-Pleistocene glaciations. The availability of this high-quality draft genome assembly will prove to be a useful resource for functional and comparative genomic studies.