Ankit Singh Tomar1, Paul T Finger2, Brenda Gallie3, Tero T Kivelä4, Ashwin Mallipatna5, Chengyue Zhang6, Junyang Zhao6, Matthew W Wilson7, Rachel C Brenna7, Michala Burges7, Jonathan Kim8, Vikas Khetan9, Suganeswari Ganesan9, Andrey Yarovoy10, Vera Yarovaya10, Elena Kotova10, Yacoub A Yousef11, Kalle Nummi4, Tatiana L Ushakova12, Olga V Yugay13, Vladimir G Polyakov12, Marco A Ramirez-Ortiz14, Elizabeth Esparza-Aguiar14, Guillermo Chantada15, Paula Schaiquevich15, Adriana Fandino16, Jason C Yam17, Winnie W Lau17, Carol P Lam17, Phillipa Sharwood18, Sonia Moorthy19, Quah Boon Long19, Vera Adobea Essuman20, Lorna A Renner21, Ekaterina Semenova1, Jaume Català22, Genoveva Correa-Llano23, Elisa Carreras23. 1. Department of Ocular Tumor and Orbital Disease, The New York Eye Cancer Center, New York, New York. 2. Department of Ocular Tumor and Orbital Disease, The New York Eye Cancer Center, New York, New York. Electronic address: pfinger@eyecancer.com. 3. The Eye Cancer Clinic, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada. 4. Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. 5. Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. 6. Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China. 7. Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee. 8. USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck Medical School of the University of Southern California, and The Vision Center at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. 9. Department of Vitreoretina Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 10. Department of Ocular Oncology, The S. N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russia. 11. Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan. 12. SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia; Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia. 13. SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia. 14. Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico. 15. Precision Medicine Coordination Hospital J. P. Garrahan, and CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council), Buenos Aires, Argentina. 16. Ophthalmology Service, Hospital J. P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 17. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong. 18. Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. 19. K. K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore. 20. Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana. 21. Department of Child Health, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. 22. Retinoblastoma Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu. Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. 23. Retinoblastoma Unit, Department of Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu. Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To compare metastasis-related mortality, local treatment failure, and globe salvage after retinoblastoma in countries with different national income levels. DESIGN: International, multicenter, registry-based retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand one hundred ninety patients, 18 ophthalmic oncology centers, and 13 countries on 6 continents. METHODS: Multicenter registry-based data were pooled from retinoblastoma patients enrolled between January 2001 and December 2013. Adequate data to allow American Joint Committee on Cancer staging, eighth edition, and analysis for the main outcome measures were available for 2085 patients. Each country was classified by national income level, as defined by the 2017 United Nations World Population Prospects, and included high-income countries (HICs), upper middle-income countries (UMICs), and lower middle-income countries (LMICs). Patient survival was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine associations between national income and treatment outcomes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Metastasis-related mortality and local treatment failure (defined as use of secondary enucleation or external beam radiation therapy). RESULTS: Most (60%) study patients resided in UMICs and LMICs. The global median age at diagnosis was 17.0 months and higher in UMICs (20.0 months) and LMICs (20.0 months) than HICs (14.0 months; P < 0.001). Patients in UMICs and LMICs reported higher rates of disease-specific metastasis-related mortality and local treatment failure. As compared with HICs, metastasis-related mortality was 10.3-fold higher for UMICs and 9.3-fold higher for LMICs, and the risk for local treatment failure was 2.2-fold and 1.6-fold higher, respectively (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This international, multicenter, registry-based analysis of retinoblastoma management revealed that lower national income levels were associated with significantly higher rates of metastasis-related mortality, local treatment failure, and lower globe salvage.
PURPOSE: To compare metastasis-related mortality, local treatment failure, and globe salvage after retinoblastoma in countries with different national income levels. DESIGN: International, multicenter, registry-based retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand one hundred ninety patients, 18 ophthalmic oncology centers, and 13 countries on 6 continents. METHODS: Multicenter registry-based data were pooled from retinoblastomapatients enrolled between January 2001 and December 2013. Adequate data to allow American Joint Committee on Cancer staging, eighth edition, and analysis for the main outcome measures were available for 2085 patients. Each country was classified by national income level, as defined by the 2017 United Nations World Population Prospects, and included high-income countries (HICs), upper middle-income countries (UMICs), and lower middle-income countries (LMICs). Patient survival was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine associations between national income and treatment outcomes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Metastasis-related mortality and local treatment failure (defined as use of secondary enucleation or external beam radiation therapy). RESULTS: Most (60%) study patients resided in UMICs and LMICs. The global median age at diagnosis was 17.0 months and higher in UMICs (20.0 months) and LMICs (20.0 months) than HICs (14.0 months; P < 0.001). Patients in UMICs and LMICs reported higher rates of disease-specific metastasis-related mortality and local treatment failure. As compared with HICs, metastasis-related mortality was 10.3-fold higher for UMICs and 9.3-fold higher for LMICs, and the risk for local treatment failure was 2.2-fold and 1.6-fold higher, respectively (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This international, multicenter, registry-based analysis of retinoblastoma management revealed that lower national income levels were associated with significantly higher rates of metastasis-related mortality, local treatment failure, and lower globe salvage.
Authors: Dylan E Graetz; Silvia Elena Rivas; Huiqi Wang; Yuvanesh Vedaraju; Ana Lucia Fuentes; Annie Caceres-Serrano; Federico Antillon-Klussmann; Meenakshi Devidas; Monika L Metzger; Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo; Jennifer W Mack Journal: JCO Glob Oncol Date: 2021-09
Authors: Ankit Singh Tomar; Paul T Finger; Brenda Gallie; Tero T Kivelä; Ashwin Mallipatna; Chengyue Zhang; Junyang Zhao; Matthew W Wilson; Rachel C Brennan; Michala Burges; Jonathan Kim; Jesse L Berry; Rima Jubran; Vikas Khetan; Suganeswari Ganesan; Andrey Yarovoy; Vera Yarovaya; Elena Kotova; Denis Volodin; Yacoub A Yousef; Kalle Nummi; Tatiana L Ushakova; Olga V Yugay; Vladimir G Polyakov; Marco A Ramirez-Ortiz; Elizabeth Esparza-Aguiar; Guillermo Chantada; Paula Schaiquevich; Adriana Fandino; Jason C Yam; Winnie W Lau; Carol P Lam; Phillipa Sharwood; Sonia Moorthy; Quah Boon Long; Vera Adobea Essuman; Lorna A Renner; Ekaterina Semenova; Jaume Català-Mora; Genoveva Correa-Llano; Elisa Carreras Journal: Ophthalmology Date: 2022-04-15 Impact factor: 14.277
Authors: Ankit Singh Tomar; Paul T Finger; Brenda Gallie; Tero T Kivelä; Ashwin Mallipatna; Chengyue Zhang; Junyang Zhao; Matthew W Wilson; Rachel C Brennan; Michala Burges; Jonathan Kim; Jesse L Berry; Rima Jubran; Vikas Khetan; Suganeswari Ganesan; Andrey Yarovoy; Vera Yarovaya; Elena Kotova; Denis Volodin; Yacoub A Yousef; Kalle Nummi; Tatiana L Ushakova; Olga V Yugay; Vladimir G Polyakov; Marco A Ramirez-Ortiz; Elizabeth Esparza-Aguiar; Guillermo Chantada; Paula Schaiquevich; Adriana Fandino; Jason C Yam; Winnie W Lau; Carol P Lam; Phillipa Sharwood; Sonia Moorthy; Quah Boon Long; Vera Adobea Essuman; Lorna A Renner; Ekaterina Semenova; Jaume Català-Mora; Genoveva Correa-Llano; Elisa Carreras Journal: Ophthalmology Date: 2022-04-30 Impact factor: 14.277
Authors: Ankit Singh Tomar; Paul T Finger; Brenda Gallie; Tero Kivelä; Ashwin Mallipatna; Chengyue Zhang; Junyang Zhao; Matthew Wilson; Rachel Brennan; Michala Burges; Jonathan Kim; Jesse L Berry; Rima Jubran; Vikas Khetan; Suganeswari Ganeshan; Andrey Yarovoy; Vera Yarovaya; Elena Kotova; Denis Volodin; Yacoub Yousef; Kalle Nummi; Tatiana L Ushakova; Olga V Yugay; Vladimir G Polyakov; Marco Antonio Ramirez-Ortiz; Elizabeth Esparza-Aguiar; Guillermo L Chantada; Paula Schaiquevich; Adriana C Fandiño; Jason C Yam; Winnie W Lau; Carol P Lam; Phillipa Sharwood; Sonia Moorthy; Quah Boon Long; Vera Adobea Essuman; Lorna A Renner; Ekaterina Semenova; Jaume Català-Mora; Maria Correa Llano; Elisa Carreras Journal: Br J Ophthalmol Date: 2021-08-02 Impact factor: 5.908