Dominika Seidman1, Marielle Cavrois2, Joan F Hilton3, Nadia R Roan4, Sarah Averbach5, Margaret Takeda6, Eric Chang2, Nandhini Raman7, Ruth Greenblatt8, Barbara L Shacklett9, Karen Smith-McCune10. 1. Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Electronic address: Dominika.Seidman@ucsf.edu. 2. Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, 1650 Owens St, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. 3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Electronic address: Joan.Hilton@ucsf.edu. 4. Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, 1650 Owens St, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Electronic address: Nadia.Roan@ucsf.edu. 5. Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Electronic address: saverbach@health.ucsd.edu. 6. Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. 7. Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, 1650 Owens St, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Electronic address: nandhini.raman@gladstone.ucsf.edu. 8. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Electronic address: Ruth.greenblatt@ucsf.edu. 9. Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Electronic address: blshacklett@ucdavis.edu. 10. Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Electronic address: karen.mccune@ucsf.edu.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Ex vivo fusion assays offer an efficient method for studying HIV-1 entry associated with contraceptive use and pregnancy outside of cohort studies of HIV-1 incidence. METHODS: We measured ex vivo HIV-1 fusion to cervical or endometrial immune cells from three groups of women: pregnant, non-pregnant not using hormonal or intrauterine contraception, and using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: There was no excess susceptibility to HIV-1 fusion of cells from pregnant women or DMPA users compared to controls. Although the number of target cells in endometrium was higher in DMPA users compared to controls, HIV-1 fusion was lower. IMPLICATIONS: In ex vivo assays, HIV-1 showed no enhanced fusion to cervical immune cells from pregnant women or DMPA users compared to controls, and lower fusion to endometrial immune cells from DMPA users. This assay is useful for studying hormonal and contraceptive effects on HIV-1 entry into reproductive tract immune cells.
INTRODUCTION: Ex vivo fusion assays offer an efficient method for studying HIV-1 entry associated with contraceptive use and pregnancy outside of cohort studies of HIV-1 incidence. METHODS: We measured ex vivo HIV-1 fusion to cervical or endometrial immune cells from three groups of women: pregnant, non-pregnant not using hormonal or intrauterine contraception, and using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: There was no excess susceptibility to HIV-1 fusion of cells from pregnant women or DMPA users compared to controls. Although the number of target cells in endometrium was higher in DMPA users compared to controls, HIV-1 fusion was lower. IMPLICATIONS: In ex vivo assays, HIV-1 showed no enhanced fusion to cervical immune cells from pregnant women or DMPA users compared to controls, and lower fusion to endometrial immune cells from DMPA users. This assay is useful for studying hormonal and contraceptive effects on HIV-1 entry into reproductive tract immune cells.
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