Zhi Yu1, Morgan E Grams2, Chiadi E Ndumele1, Lynne Wagenknecht3, Eric Boerwinkle4, Kari E North5, Casey M Rebholz1, Edward L Giovannucci6, Josef Coresh7. 1. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. 2. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. 3. Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. 4. Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. 5. Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC. 6. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital. 7. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Electronic address: coresh@jhu.edu.
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Obesity has been related to risk for chronic kidney disease. However, the associations of different measures of midlife obesity with long-term kidney function trajectories and whether they differ by sex and race are unknown. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 13,496 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. PREDICTORS: Midlife obesity status as measured by body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, and predicted percent fat at baseline. OUTCOMES: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated using serum creatinine level measured at 5 study visits, and incident kidney failure with replacement therapy (KFRT). ANALYTICAL APPROACH: Mixed models with random intercepts and random slopes for eGFR. Cox proportional hazards models for KFRT. RESULTS: Baseline mean age was 54 years, median eGFR was 103mL/min/1.73m2, and median BMI was 27kg/m2. Over 30 years of follow-up, midlife obesity measures were associated with eGFR decline in White and Black women but not consistently in men. Adjusted for age, center, smoking, and coronary heart disease, the differences in eGFR slope per 1-SD higher BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and predicted percent fat were 0.09 (95% CI, -0.18 to 0.36), -0.25 (95% CI, -0.50 to 0.01), and-0.14 (95% CI, -0.41 to 0.13) mL/min/1.73m2 per decade for White men; -0.91 (95% CI, -1.15 to-0.67), -0.82 (95% CI, -1.06 to-0.58), and-1.02 (95% CI, -1.26 to-0.78) mL/min/1.73m2 per decade for White women; -0.70 (95% CI, -1.54 to 0.14), -1.60 (95% CI, -2.42 to-0.78), and-1.24 (95% CI, -2.08 to-0.40) mL/min/1.73m2 per decade for Black men; and-1.24 (95% CI, -2.08 to-0.40), -1.50 (95% CI, -2.05 to-0.95), and-1.43 (95% CI, -2.00 to-0.86) mL/min/1.73m2 per decade for Black women. Obesity indicators were independently associated with risk for KFRT for all sex-race groups except White men. LIMITATIONS: Loss to follow-up during 3 decades of follow-up with 5 eGFR assessments. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity status is a risk factor for future decline in kidney function and development of KFRT in Black and White women, with less consistent associations among men.
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE:Obesity has been related to risk for chronic kidney disease. However, the associations of different measures of midlife obesity with long-term kidney function trajectories and whether they differ by sex and race are unknown. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 13,496 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. PREDICTORS: Midlife obesity status as measured by body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, and predicted percent fat at baseline. OUTCOMES: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated using serum creatinine level measured at 5 study visits, and incident kidney failure with replacement therapy (KFRT). ANALYTICAL APPROACH: Mixed models with random intercepts and random slopes for eGFR. Cox proportional hazards models for KFRT. RESULTS: Baseline mean age was 54 years, median eGFR was 103mL/min/1.73m2, and median BMI was 27kg/m2. Over 30 years of follow-up, midlife obesity measures were associated with eGFR decline in White and Black women but not consistently in men. Adjusted for age, center, smoking, and coronary heart disease, the differences in eGFR slope per 1-SD higher BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and predicted percent fat were 0.09 (95% CI, -0.18 to 0.36), -0.25 (95% CI, -0.50 to 0.01), and-0.14 (95% CI, -0.41 to 0.13) mL/min/1.73m2 per decade for White men; -0.91 (95% CI, -1.15 to-0.67), -0.82 (95% CI, -1.06 to-0.58), and-1.02 (95% CI, -1.26 to-0.78) mL/min/1.73m2 per decade for White women; -0.70 (95% CI, -1.54 to 0.14), -1.60 (95% CI, -2.42 to-0.78), and-1.24 (95% CI, -2.08 to-0.40) mL/min/1.73m2 per decade for Black men; and-1.24 (95% CI, -2.08 to-0.40), -1.50 (95% CI, -2.05 to-0.95), and-1.43 (95% CI, -2.00 to-0.86) mL/min/1.73m2 per decade for Black women. Obesity indicators were independently associated with risk for KFRT for all sex-race groups except White men. LIMITATIONS: Loss to follow-up during 3 decades of follow-up with 5 eGFR assessments. CONCLUSIONS:Obesity status is a risk factor for future decline in kidney function and development of KFRT in Black and White women, with less consistent associations among men.