Shawky M Aboelhadid1, Waleed M Arafa2, Saeed El-Ashram3, Asmaa Fathy Noaman4, Khalid A Shokier4, Ahmed B Darwish5, Morad M Mahmoud6, Sahar M Gadelhaq7. 1. Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt. drshawky2001@yahoo.com. 2. Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt. 3. College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong Province, China. 4. Parasitology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Beni Suef, Egypt. 5. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt. 6. Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt. 7. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Susceptibility and resistance of Haemonchus contortus to anthelmintic drugs, including ivermectin, levamisole, and albendazole in naturally infected sheep were investigated. METHODS: Three sets of assays were conducted to detect drug efficacy. Firstly, in vivo estimation of drug resistance to H. contortus was explored in 80 sheep naturally infected with H. contortus. Sheep were divided into four equal groups (20 sheep for each group): the first group was treated with albendazole (5.00 mg/kg BW), the second with levamisole (7.50 mg/kg BW), the third with ivermectin (0.20 mg/kg BW), and the fourth group served as the untreated control. Fecal egg reduction test (FERT) was done at days 7 and 14 after treatment. Secondly, for in vitro egg hatching assay (EHA), H. contortus eggs from naturally infected sheep were collected and treated with 0.0002, 0.002, 0.02, 0.2, and 2.0 µg/mL albendazole. Thirdly, molecular detection of the albendazole resistance gene in adult male H. contortus worms and larvae from infected sheep was carried out using allele-specific PCR. RESULTS: The FECRT results showed that the drug efficacy was 86.84% for albendazole and 100% for both levamisole and ivermectin. The result of EHA showed that eggs did not hatch at 2.0 µg/mL albendazole concentration. Molecular findings showed two forms, including H. contortus homozygous susceptible (SS) and heterozygous (RS) of "β-tubulin" gene at 200 sites, which were recorded in both single male worms and larvae. CONCLUSION: H. contortus, which was susceptible to levamisole and ivermectin, had developed resistance to albendazole.
PURPOSE: Susceptibility and resistance of Haemonchus contortus to anthelmintic drugs, including ivermectin, levamisole, and albendazole in naturally infectedsheep were investigated. METHODS: Three sets of assays were conducted to detect drug efficacy. Firstly, in vivo estimation of drug resistance to H. contortus was explored in 80 sheep naturally infected with H. contortus. Sheep were divided into four equal groups (20 sheep for each group): the first group was treated with albendazole (5.00 mg/kg BW), the second with levamisole (7.50 mg/kg BW), the third with ivermectin (0.20 mg/kg BW), and the fourth group served as the untreated control. Fecal egg reduction test (FERT) was done at days 7 and 14 after treatment. Secondly, for in vitro egg hatching assay (EHA), H. contortus eggs from naturally infectedsheep were collected and treated with 0.0002, 0.002, 0.02, 0.2, and 2.0 µg/mL albendazole. Thirdly, molecular detection of the albendazole resistance gene in adult male H. contortus worms and larvae from infectedsheep was carried out using allele-specific PCR. RESULTS: The FECRT results showed that the drug efficacy was 86.84% for albendazole and 100% for both levamisole and ivermectin. The result of EHA showed that eggs did not hatch at 2.0 µg/mL albendazole concentration. Molecular findings showed two forms, including H. contortus homozygous susceptible (SS) and heterozygous (RS) of "β-tubulin" gene at 200 sites, which were recorded in both single male worms and larvae. CONCLUSION:H. contortus, which was susceptible to levamisole and ivermectin, had developed resistance to albendazole.
Authors: J A Requejo-Fernández; A Martínez; A Meana; F A Rojo-Vázquez; K Osoro; L M Ortega-Mora Journal: Vet Parasitol Date: 1997-12-15 Impact factor: 2.738
Authors: Ronald Kaminsky; Beatrice Bapst; Philip A Stein; Guenther A Strehlau; Brooke A Allan; Barry C Hosking; Peter F Rolfe; Heinz Sager Journal: Parasitol Res Date: 2010-12-16 Impact factor: 2.289