Smith Giri1,2, Alyssa Grimshaw3, Susan Bal2, Kelly Godby2, Prakash Kharel4, Benjamin Djulbegovic5, Meletios A Dimopoulos6, Thierry Facon7, Saad Z Usmani8, María-Victoria Mateos9, Luciano J Costa2. 1. Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham. 2. Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham. 3. Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. 4. Department of Hospital Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania. 5. Evidence-based Analytics and Comparative Effectiveness Research, Department of Supportive Care, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California. 6. Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece. 7. Department of Hematology, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France. 8. Plasma Cell Disorders Program, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina. 9. Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca/IBSAL, Cancer Research Center, Salamanca, Spain.
Abstract
IMPORTANCE: The addition of daratumumab to backbone multiple myeloma (MM) regimens is associated with improved response rates and progression-free survival (PFS). Whether improved outcomes are also associated with this regimen among patients with cytogenetically defined high-risk MM (HRMM) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To measure PFS associated with adding daratumumab to backbone MM regimens among patients with HRMM. DATA SOURCES: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, clinical trials registries, and meeting libraries were searched from inception to January 2, 2020, using terms reflecting multiple myeloma and daratumumab. STUDY SELECTION: Included studies were phase 3 randomized clinical trials that compared backbone MM regimens with the same regimen plus daratumumab in newly diagnosed or relapsed or refractory MM, such that the only difference between the intervention and control groups was use of daratumumab and reported outcomes by cytogenetic risk. High-risk MM was defined as the presence of t(4;14), t(14;16), or del(17p). DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline, 2 investigators independently extracted study data, with disagreements resolved by a third investigator. Quality was assessed by the Cochrane risk-of-bias method. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Data on effectiveness were extracted using hazard ratios (HRs) for PFS. Relative log-HRs were pooled using a DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q and the I2 statistic. RESULTS: Of 5194 studies screened, 6 phase 3 trials were eligible, including 3 trials for newly diagnosed MM (2528 patients; 358 with HRMM) and 3 trials for relapsed or refractory MM (1533 patients; 222 with HRMM). Among patients with newly diagnosed HRMM, the addition of daratumumab to backbone regimens was associated with improved PFS (pooled HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.47-0.95; P = .02), with little evidence of heterogeneity (Cochran Q, P = .77; I2 = 0%). Similar results were seen among patients with relapsed or refractory HRMM (pooled HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.30-0.67; P < .001), again with little evidence of heterogeneity (Cochran Q, P = .63; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study suggests that incorporating daratumumab to backbone regimens may be associated with improved PFS among patients with newly diagnosed HRMM or relapsed or refractory HRMM.
IMPORTANCE: The addition of daratumumab to backbone multiple myeloma (MM) regimens is associated with improved response rates and progression-free survival (PFS). Whether improved outcomes are also associated with this regimen among patients with cytogenetically defined high-risk MM (HRMM) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To measure PFS associated with adding daratumumab to backbone MM regimens among patients with HRMM. DATA SOURCES: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, clinical trials registries, and meeting libraries were searched from inception to January 2, 2020, using terms reflecting multiple myeloma and daratumumab. STUDY SELECTION: Included studies were phase 3 randomized clinical trials that compared backbone MM regimens with the same regimen plus daratumumab in newly diagnosed or relapsed or refractory MM, such that the only difference between the intervention and control groups was use of daratumumab and reported outcomes by cytogenetic risk. High-risk MM was defined as the presence of t(4;14), t(14;16), or del(17p). DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline, 2 investigators independently extracted study data, with disagreements resolved by a third investigator. Quality was assessed by the Cochrane risk-of-bias method. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Data on effectiveness were extracted using hazard ratios (HRs) for PFS. Relative log-HRs were pooled using a DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q and the I2 statistic. RESULTS: Of 5194 studies screened, 6 phase 3 trials were eligible, including 3 trials for newly diagnosed MM (2528 patients; 358 with HRMM) and 3 trials for relapsed or refractory MM (1533 patients; 222 with HRMM). Among patients with newly diagnosed HRMM, the addition of daratumumab to backbone regimens was associated with improved PFS (pooled HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.47-0.95; P = .02), with little evidence of heterogeneity (Cochran Q, P = .77; I2 = 0%). Similar results were seen among patients with relapsed or refractory HRMM (pooled HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.30-0.67; P < .001), again with little evidence of heterogeneity (Cochran Q, P = .63; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study suggests that incorporating daratumumab to backbone regimens may be associated with improved PFS among patients with newly diagnosed HRMM or relapsed or refractory HRMM.
Authors: Shakira J Grant; Hira S Mian; Smith Giri; Melina Boutin; Lorenzo Dottorini; Nina R Neuendorff; Jessica L Krok-Schoen; Nikita Nikita; Ashley E Rosko; Tanya M Wildes; Sonja Zweegman Journal: J Geriatr Oncol Date: 2020-12-17 Impact factor: 3.599