Kelly M Pennington1,2, Hayley J Dykhoff2, Xiaoxi Yao2,3,4, Lindsey R Sangaralingham2,5, Nilay D Shah2,3, Steve G Peters1,6, Jason N Barreto7, Raymund R Razonable6,8, Cassie C Kennedy1,2,6. 1. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine. 2. Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Healthcare Delivery. 3. Department of Health Sciences Research. 4. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine. 5. OptumLabs, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 6. William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration. 7. Department of Pharmacy, and. 8. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and.
Abstract
Rationale: Many lung transplant centers prescribe antifungal medications after transplantation to prevent invasive fungal infections (IFIs); however, the effectiveness of antifungal prophylaxis at reducing the risk of all-cause mortality or IFI has not been established. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effect of antifungal prophylaxis on all-cause mortality and IFI in lung transplant patients. Methods: Using administrative claims data, we identified adult patients who underwent lung transplantation between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2018. Propensity score analysis using inverse probability treatment-weighting approach was used to balance the differences in baseline characteristics between those receiving antifungal prophylaxis and those not receiving antifungal prophylaxis. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compare rates of all-cause mortality and IFI in both groups. Results: We identified 662 lung transplant recipients (LTRs) (387 received prophylaxis and 275 did not). All-cause mortality was significantly lower in those receiving antifungal prophylaxis compared with those not receiving antifungal prophylaxis (event rate per 100 person-years, 8.36 vs. 19.49; hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.26-0.71; P = 0.003). Patients receiving antifungal prophylaxis had a lower rate of IFI compared with those not receiving prophylaxis (event rate per 100 person-years, 14.94 vs. 22.37; hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-1.05; P = 0.079), but did not reach statistical significance.Conclusions: In this real-world analysis, antifungal prophylaxis in LTRs was associated with reduced all-cause mortality compared with those not receiving antifungal prophylaxis. Rates of IFI were also lower in those receiving prophylaxis, but this was not statistically significant in our primary analysis.
Rationale: Many lung transplant centers prescribe antifungal medications after transplantation to prevent invasive fungal infections (IFIs); however, the effectiveness of antifungal prophylaxis at reducing the risk of all-cause mortality or IFI has not been established. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effect of antifungal prophylaxis on all-cause mortality and IFI in lung transplant patients. Methods: Using administrative claims data, we identified adult patients who underwent lung transplantation between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2018. Propensity score analysis using inverse probability treatment-weighting approach was used to balance the differences in baseline characteristics between those receiving antifungal prophylaxis and those not receiving antifungal prophylaxis. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compare rates of all-cause mortality and IFI in both groups. Results: We identified 662 lung transplant recipients (LTRs) (387 received prophylaxis and 275 did not). All-cause mortality was significantly lower in those receiving antifungal prophylaxis compared with those not receiving antifungal prophylaxis (event rate per 100 person-years, 8.36 vs. 19.49; hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.26-0.71; P = 0.003). Patients receiving antifungal prophylaxis had a lower rate of IFI compared with those not receiving prophylaxis (event rate per 100 person-years, 14.94 vs. 22.37; hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-1.05; P = 0.079), but did not reach statistical significance.Conclusions: In this real-world analysis, antifungal prophylaxis in LTRs was associated with reduced all-cause mortality compared with those not receiving antifungal prophylaxis. Rates of IFI were also lower in those receiving prophylaxis, but this was not statistically significant in our primary analysis.
Authors: J Cadena; D J Levine; L F Angel; P R Maxwell; R Brady; J F Sanchez; J E Michalek; S M Levine; M I Restrepo Journal: Am J Transplant Date: 2009-07-23 Impact factor: 8.086
Authors: Paul J Wallace; Nilay D Shah; Taylor Dennen; Paul A Bleicher; Paul D Bleicher; William H Crown Journal: Health Aff (Millwood) Date: 2014-07 Impact factor: 6.301
Authors: J M Borro; A Solé; M de la Torre; A Pastor; R Fernandez; A Saura; M Delgado; E Monte; D Gonzalez Journal: Transplant Proc Date: 2008-11 Impact factor: 1.066
Authors: Sophia Koo; David W Kubiak; Nicolas C Issa; Amanda Dietzek; Steve Boukedes; Phillip C Camp; Hilary J Goldberg; Lindsey R Baden; Anne L Fuhlbrigge; Francisco M Marty Journal: Transplantation Date: 2012-08-15 Impact factor: 4.939