Charles T Wood1, Whitney P Witt2, Asheley C Skinner3, Hsiang S Yin4, Russell L Rothman5, Lee M Sanders6, Alan M Delamater7, Kori B Flower8, Melissa C Kay9, Eliana M Perrin10. 1. Division of Primary Care Pediatrics and Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine (CT Wood and EM Perrin), Durham, NC. Electronic address: charles.wood@duke.edu. 2. College of Health, Lehigh University, (WP Witt), Bethlehem, PA. 3. Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute (AC Skinner), Durham, NC. 4. Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health, New York University School of Medicine/Bellevue Hospital Center (HS Yin), New York, NY. 5. Center for Health Services Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (RL Rothman), Nashville, Tenn. 6. Department of Pediatrics, Center for Policy, Outcomes and Prevention, Stanford University (LM Sanders), Stanford, Calif. 7. Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine (AM Delamater), Miami, Fla. 8. Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine (KB Flower), Chapel Hill, NC. 9. Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research and Duke Global Digital Health Science Center, Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Global Health Institute (MC Kay), Durham, NC. 10. Division of Primary Care Pediatrics and Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine (CT Wood and EM Perrin), Durham, NC.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether proportion of breast versus formula feeding and timing of complementary food introduction affect the odds of rapid gain in weight status in a diverse sample of infants. METHODS: Using data from Greenlight Intervention Study, we analyzed the effects of type of milk feeding (breastfeeding, formula, or mixed feeding) from the 2- to 6-month well visits, and the introduction of complementary foods before 4 months on rapid increase in weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) and weight-for-length z-score (WLZ) before 12 months using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS: Of the 865 infants enrolled, 469 had complete data on all variables of interest, and 41% and 33% of those infants had rapid increases in WAZ and WLZ, respectively. Odds of rapid increase in WAZ remained lowest for infants breastfeeding from 2 to 6 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17, 0.69) when compared to infants who were formula-fed. Adjusted for feeding, introduction of complementary foods after 4 months was associated with decreased odds of rapid increase in WLZ (aOR 0.64; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.96). CONCLUSIONS: Feeding typified by predominant breastfeeding and delaying introduction of complementary foods after 4 months reduces the odds of rapid increases in WAZ and WLZ in the first year of life.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether proportion of breast versus formula feeding and timing of complementary food introduction affect the odds of rapid gain in weight status in a diverse sample of infants. METHODS: Using data from Greenlight Intervention Study, we analyzed the effects of type of milk feeding (breastfeeding, formula, or mixed feeding) from the 2- to 6-month well visits, and the introduction of complementary foods before 4 months on rapid increase in weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) and weight-for-length z-score (WLZ) before 12 months using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS: Of the 865 infants enrolled, 469 had complete data on all variables of interest, and 41% and 33% of those infants had rapid increases in WAZ and WLZ, respectively. Odds of rapid increase in WAZ remained lowest for infants breastfeeding from 2 to 6 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17, 0.69) when compared to infants who were formula-fed. Adjusted for feeding, introduction of complementary foods after 4 months was associated with decreased odds of rapid increase in WLZ (aOR 0.64; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.96). CONCLUSIONS: Feeding typified by predominant breastfeeding and delaying introduction of complementary foods after 4 months reduces the odds of rapid increases in WAZ and WLZ in the first year of life.
Authors: Erika Hernandez; Justin A Lavner; Amy M Moore; Brian K Stansfield; Steven R H Beach; Jessica J Smith; Jennifer S Savage Journal: Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act Date: 2022-10-01 Impact factor: 8.915