Susanna D Mitro1, Sharon K Sagiv2, Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman3, Antonia M Calafat4, Abby F Fleisch5,6, Lindsay M Jaacks7, Paige L Williams8,9, Emily Oken3, Tamarra M James-Todd9,10,11. 1. Population Health Sciences Program, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 2. Department of Epidemiology, Berkeley School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA. 3. Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 4. Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. 5. Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, USA. 6. Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, Maine, USA. 7. Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 8. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 9. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 10. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 11. Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the extent to which pregnancy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) concentrations were associated with gestational weight gain and postpartum weight changes. METHODS: This study was composed of 1,614 women recruited between 1999 and 2002 via the Project Viva cohort with pregnancy plasma concentrations of six PFAS, including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid. Gestational weight gain was defined as the difference between last pregnancy weight and prepregnancy weight, 1-year postpartum weight retention as the difference between 1-year postpartum weight and prepregnancy weight, and 3-year postpartum weight change as the difference between 3-year postpartum weight and prepregnancy weight. RESULTS: During pregnancy, women gained 0.37 kg (95% CI: 0.11-0.62) more weight per doubling of 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid. At 1 year post partum, women retained 0.55 kg (95% CI: 0.07-1.04) more weight per doubling of PFOA. At 3 years post partum, women gained 0.91 kg (95% CI: 0.25-1.56) more weight per doubling in PFOA. Findings were similar after adjustment for all PFAS. Other PFAS were not associated with weight changes. Postpartum associations were stronger among women with higher prepregnancy BMI. Models were adjusted for demographics. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy PFAS were associated with greater gestational weight gain, weight retention, and weight gain years after pregnancy.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the extent to which pregnancy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) concentrations were associated with gestational weight gain and postpartum weight changes. METHODS: This study was composed of 1,614 women recruited between 1999 and 2002 via the Project Viva cohort with pregnancy plasma concentrations of six PFAS, including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid. Gestational weight gain was defined as the difference between last pregnancy weight and prepregnancy weight, 1-year postpartum weight retention as the difference between 1-year postpartum weight and prepregnancy weight, and 3-year postpartum weight change as the difference between 3-year postpartum weight and prepregnancy weight. RESULTS: During pregnancy, women gained 0.37 kg (95% CI: 0.11-0.62) more weight per doubling of 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid. At 1 year post partum, women retained 0.55 kg (95% CI: 0.07-1.04) more weight per doubling of PFOA. At 3 years post partum, women gained 0.91 kg (95% CI: 0.25-1.56) more weight per doubling in PFOA. Findings were similar after adjustment for all PFAS. Other PFAS were not associated with weight changes. Postpartum associations were stronger among women with higher prepregnancy BMI. Models were adjusted for demographics. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy PFAS were associated with greater gestational weight gain, weight retention, and weight gain years after pregnancy.
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