Chinese Middle-Aged and Older Adults' Internet Use and Happiness: The Mediating Roles of Loneliness and Social Engagement.

Little research has examined the effects of internet use in promoting well-being among middle-aged and older people using large-scale samples in developing countries. Using a subsample of a national survey with 4,083 adults aged 50 years and above, we explored this topic in China. Internet users were found to be significantly younger, more educated, with a higher SES, and more likely to live in urban areas. Structural equation modeling showed that internet use was indirectly associated with higher levels of happiness, and this association was mediated by less loneliness and more volunteering. In the multi-group analysis, age, gender, and household registration (urban vs. rural) moderated path coefficients but did not impact the general pattern. This study suggests promising benefits of internet use for Chinese middle-aged and older adults. In addition, the digital divide between our urban and rural subsamples calls for interventions to promote internet use in rural areas.