Esra Kisacik1, Zehra Çakir2. 1. Department of Psychology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Literature, Sivas, Turkey. 2. Department of Psychology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study is to engender a language and culture specific Smoking Stroop Test (SST) in Turkish. METHODS: The study is performed in three stages (N=334) with smokers and non-smokers of three age groups. On the third stage, all participants have filled STT and were administered Beck Depression Inventory. Besides, the smokers were applied Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, and the elder participants were also assessed with Standardized Mini Mental State Examination Test. RESULTS: In the first stage, a list comprising a total of 92 words related and not related with smoking have been formed and in the second stage the participants were asked to evaluate the relatedness of these words with cigarette and smoking. As a result of this evaluation 9 related and 9 unrelated words were selected for SST. In the third stage SST was administered to a sample of 70 participants. A 3×2×2 repeated measures for last factor ANOVA was used to determine whether the variance in response times depends on age, cigarette use and word type. The results revealed that there was no significant difference among the non-smoker participants' response times towards related or unrelated words in all age groups. On the other hand, the smokers in young and adult age groups displayed longer response times towards cigarette related words. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability analysis revealed that the test is reliable. DISCUSSION: SST is a valid, reliable and original tool that can be used in studies in Turkey. Copyright:
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study is to engender a language and culture specific Smoking Stroop Test (SST) in Turkish. METHODS: The study is performed in three stages (N=334) with smokers and non-smokers of three age groups. On the third stage, all participants have filled STT and were administered Beck Depression Inventory. Besides, the smokers were applied Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, and the elder participants were also assessed with Standardized Mini Mental State Examination Test. RESULTS: In the first stage, a list comprising a total of 92 words related and not related with smoking have been formed and in the second stage the participants were asked to evaluate the relatedness of these words with cigarette and smoking. As a result of this evaluation 9 related and 9 unrelated words were selected for SST. In the third stage SST was administered to a sample of 70 participants. A 3×2×2 repeated measures for last factor ANOVA was used to determine whether the variance in response times depends on age, cigarette use and word type. The results revealed that there was no significant difference among the non-smoker participants' response times towards related or unrelated words in all age groups. On the other hand, the smokers in young and adult age groups displayed longer response times towards cigarette related words. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability analysis revealed that the test is reliable. DISCUSSION: SST is a valid, reliable and original tool that can be used in studies in Turkey. Copyright:
Authors: Adam Rzetelny; David G Gilbert; Jonathan Hammersley; Robert Radtke; Norka E Rabinovich; Stacey L Small Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2008-06 Impact factor: 4.244