Sarah L Hemler1, Erika M Pliner2, Mark S Redfern3, Joel M Haight4, Kurt E Beschorner5. 1. Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 301 Schenley Place, 4420 Bayard Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States. Electronic address: slh148@pitt.edu. 2. Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 301 Schenley Place, 4420 Bayard Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States. Electronic address: emp95@pitt.edu. 3. Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 301 Schenley Place, 4420 Bayard Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States. Electronic address: mredfern@pitt.edu. 4. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 1025 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States. Electronic address: jhaight@pitt.edu. 5. Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 301 Schenley Place, 4420 Bayard Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States. Electronic address: beschorn@pitt.edu.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Slips, trips, and falls are a major cause of injury in the workplace. Footwear is an important factor in preventing slips. Furthermore, traction performance (friction and under-shoe fluid drainage) are believed to change throughout the life of footwear. However, a paucity of data is available for how traction performance changes for naturally worn, slip-resistant footwear. METHOD: The presented research is a preliminary analysis from an ongoing, larger study. Participants wore slip-resistant footwear while their distance walked was monitored. Friction and under-shoe fluid pressures were measured using a robotic slip tester under a diluted glycerol contaminant condition after each month of wear for the left and right shoes. The size of the worn region was also measured. RESULTS: Friction initially increased and then steadily decreased as the distance walked and the size of the worn region increased. Fluid pressures increased as the shoes were worn and were associated with increased walking distance and size of the worn region. DISCUSSION: Consistent with previous research, increases in the size of the worn region are associated with increased under-shoe fluid pressures and decreased traction. These trends are presumably due to reduced fluid drainage between the shoe-floor interface when the shoe becomes worn. CONCLUSIONS: Traction performance changes with natural wear. The distance walked in the shoe and the size of the worn region may be valuable indicators for assessing loss of traction performance. Practical Applications: Current shoe replacement recommendations for slip-resistant shoes are based upon age and tread depth. This study suggests that tools measuring the size of the worn region and/or distance traveled in the shoes are appropriate alternatives for tracking traction performance loss due to shoe wear.
INTRODUCTION: Slips, trips, and falls are a major cause of injury in the workplace. Footwear is an important factor in preventing slips. Furthermore, traction performance (friction and under-shoe fluid drainage) are believed to change throughout the life of footwear. However, a paucity of data is available for how traction performance changes for naturally worn, slip-resistant footwear. METHOD: The presented research is a preliminary analysis from an ongoing, larger study. Participants wore slip-resistant footwear while their distance walked was monitored. Friction and under-shoe fluid pressures were measured using a robotic slip tester under a diluted glycerol contaminant condition after each month of wear for the left and right shoes. The size of the worn region was also measured. RESULTS: Friction initially increased and then steadily decreased as the distance walked and the size of the worn region increased. Fluid pressures increased as the shoes were worn and were associated with increased walking distance and size of the worn region. DISCUSSION: Consistent with previous research, increases in the size of the worn region are associated with increased under-shoe fluid pressures and decreased traction. These trends are presumably due to reduced fluid drainage between the shoe-floor interface when the shoe becomes worn. CONCLUSIONS: Traction performance changes with natural wear. The distance walked in the shoe and the size of the worn region may be valuable indicators for assessing loss of traction performance. Practical Applications: Current shoe replacement recommendations for slip-resistant shoes are based upon age and tread depth. This study suggests that tools measuring the size of the worn region and/or distance traveled in the shoes are appropriate alternatives for tracking traction performance loss due to shoe wear.