Pascale Salameh1,2,3, Souheil Hallit4,5, Clara Rahme6, Sahar Obeid7,8,9, Hala Sacre1, Chadia Haddad10,11, Rabih Hallit12. 1. INSPECT-LB, Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon. 2. Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon. 3. Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon. 4. INSPECT-LB, Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon. souheilhallit@hotmail.com. 5. Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon. souheilhallit@hotmail.com. 6. Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon. 7. Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon. saharobeid23@hotmail.com. 8. Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jall-Eddib, Lebanon. saharobeid23@hotmail.com. 9. INSPECT-LB, Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon. saharobeid23@hotmail.com. 10. Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jall-Eddib, Lebanon. 11. Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, INSERM, Univ. Limoges, CHU Esquirol, IRD, GEIST, U1094, Limoges, France. 12. Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed at developing an Arabic version of the Emotional Eating Scale (EES) and examining its reliability and validity among a sample of the Lebanese population. The secondary objective was to evaluate the correlation between emotional eating and body dissatisfaction along with depression and/or self-esteem among a representative sample of the Lebanese population. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and May 2018. The sample was drawn proportionately from all Lebanese Mohafazat. RESULTS: All items could be extracted from the list, except items 17 and 19. The EES items converged over a solution of four factors that had an Eigenvalue over 1, explaining a total of 67.06% of the variance (KMO = 0.939; Bartlett's test of sphericity p < 0.001; αCronbach = 0.952). A higher body dissatisfaction was significantly associated with higher emotional eating (β = 0.31) and lower self-esteem (β = - 0.054); however, no significant association was found with depression. Self-esteem and depression were not found to be significantly associated with emotional eating. When introducing depression and self-esteem as mediator factors for body dissatisfaction and emotional eating, body dissatisfaction did not remain significantly associated with emotional eating. CONCLUSION: In this study, the Emotional Eating Scale was validated in Arabic among the Lebanese adult population, making this scale usable in further Lebanese research. Moreover, our results showed that body dissatisfaction was positively correlated with emotional eating and self-esteem, but not with depression. A positive association between body dissatisfaction and emotional eating was also demonstrated. This research offers new perspectives for the evaluation of emotional eating among the Lebanese adult population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V Cross-sectional descriptive study.
OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed at developing an Arabic version of the Emotional Eating Scale (EES) and examining its reliability and validity among a sample of the Lebanese population. The secondary objective was to evaluate the correlation between emotional eating and body dissatisfaction along with depression and/or self-esteem among a representative sample of the Lebanese population. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and May 2018. The sample was drawn proportionately from all Lebanese Mohafazat. RESULTS: All items could be extracted from the list, except items 17 and 19. The EES items converged over a solution of four factors that had an Eigenvalue over 1, explaining a total of 67.06% of the variance (KMO = 0.939; Bartlett's test of sphericity p < 0.001; αCronbach = 0.952). A higher body dissatisfaction was significantly associated with higher emotional eating (β = 0.31) and lower self-esteem (β = - 0.054); however, no significant association was found with depression. Self-esteem and depression were not found to be significantly associated with emotional eating. When introducing depression and self-esteem as mediator factors for body dissatisfaction and emotional eating, body dissatisfaction did not remain significantly associated with emotional eating. CONCLUSION: In this study, the Emotional Eating Scale was validated in Arabic among the Lebanese adult population, making this scale usable in further Lebanese research. Moreover, our results showed that body dissatisfaction was positively correlated with emotional eating and self-esteem, but not with depression. A positive association between body dissatisfaction and emotional eating was also demonstrated. This research offers new perspectives for the evaluation of emotional eating among the Lebanese adult population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V Cross-sectional descriptive study.
Entities:
Keywords:
Body dissatisfaction; Depression; Disordered eating; Emotional eating; Self-esteem