Steven J Nieto1, ReJoyce Green1, James MacKillop2, Lara A Ray1,3,4. 1. From the, Department of Psychology, (SJN, RG, LAR), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. 2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, (JM), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 3. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, (LAR), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. 4. Brain Research Institute, (LAR), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Alcohol demand is a key behavioral economic concept that provides an index of alcohol's relative reinforcing value. Initial studies have reported that alcohol demand increases during alcohol administration and in response to alcohol cues. However, the extent to which these effects are observed explicitly in samples composed of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and are operative in conjunction with each other has not been studied. METHODS: To address this gap in the literature, we assessed alcohol demand during an alcohol challenge and subsequent alcohol cue-exposure paradigm in non-treatment-seeking, alcohol-dependent (i.e., DSM-IV criteria) participants (N = 27). Specifically, participants completed 2 counterbalanced intravenous, placebo-controlled, alcohol administration sessions followed by a controlled cue-exposure paradigm. At baseline and at breath alcohol concentration of 0.06 g/dl, participants completed the alcohol purchase task, assessing estimated alcohol consumption at escalating prices. Participants were also assessed for alcohol demand following each cue exposure. RESULTS: During alcohol administration, there was a significant decrease in the rate of change in elasticity compared with placebo, and during the cue-reactivity paradigm, there was a significant main effect such that alcohol cues decreased the rate of change in elasticity relative to water cues. There were no statistically significant differences in other demand indices. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide further evidence that alcohol administration increases price insensitivity and extends the literature on alcohol's effects on demand by using a clinical sample with AUD and by adding a placebo-alcohol condition.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND:Alcohol demand is a key behavioral economic concept that provides an index of alcohol's relative reinforcing value. Initial studies have reported that alcohol demand increases during alcohol administration and in response to alcohol cues. However, the extent to which these effects are observed explicitly in samples composed of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and are operative in conjunction with each other has not been studied. METHODS: To address this gap in the literature, we assessed alcohol demand during an alcohol challenge and subsequent alcohol cue-exposure paradigm in non-treatment-seeking, alcohol-dependent (i.e., DSM-IV criteria) participants (N = 27). Specifically, participants completed 2 counterbalanced intravenous, placebo-controlled, alcohol administration sessions followed by a controlled cue-exposure paradigm. At baseline and at breath alcohol concentration of 0.06 g/dl, participants completed the alcohol purchase task, assessing estimated alcohol consumption at escalating prices. Participants were also assessed for alcohol demand following each cue exposure. RESULTS: During alcohol administration, there was a significant decrease in the rate of change in elasticity compared with placebo, and during the cue-reactivity paradigm, there was a significant main effect such that alcohol cues decreased the rate of change in elasticity relative to water cues. There were no statistically significant differences in other demand indices. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide further evidence that alcohol administration increases price insensitivity and extends the literature on alcohol's effects on demand by using a clinical sample with AUD and by adding a placebo-alcohol condition.
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