Kazuaki Uchida1, Shunsuke Murata2, Rika Kawaharada1, Yamato Tsuboi1,3, Tsunenori Isa1, Maho Okumura4, Naoka Matsuda5, Kiyomasa Nakatsuka1, Kana Horibe1, Masahumi Kogaki6, Rei Ono1. 1. Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. 2. Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan. 3. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. 4. Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. 5. Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe Mariners Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. 6. Takumi Day-Care Facility in Children, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Kinesiophobia (i.e., fear of movement caused by pain) is increasingly acknowledged as a determinant of disuse among patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Kinesiophobia may affect life space-a crucial indicator of an active lifestyle among older people. This study aimed to investigate the previously unexamined association between kinesiophobia and life space among community-dwelling older people with chronic musculoskeletal pain. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Community. SUBJECTS: We analyzed data from 194 community-dwelling older people (age ≥65 years, mean age = 75.7 years, 71.6% women) with chronic musculoskeletal pain. METHODS: Kinesiophobia, life space, and pain severity were assessed using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, Life Space Assessment, and Brief Pain Inventory. Linear regression models were applied to analyze the associations between kinesiophobia and life space, and pain severity and life space. RESULTS: In our sample, the prevalence rates for chronic musculoskeletal pain were 10.82% (N = 21) for neck, 55.15% (N = 107) for lower back, 25.26% (N = 49) for shoulder, and 50.00% (N = 97) for knee. The results suggest that higher kinesiophobia is associated with smaller life space (adjusted beta = -0.91, 95% CI = -1.43 to -0.45, P < 0.001), even after adjustment for age, gender, years of education, pain severity, and presence of comorbidity. On the contrary, no significant association between pain severity and life space was observed (adjusted beta = -0.61, 95% CI = -2.92 to 1.72, P = 0.624). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that kinesiophobia plays an important role in the determination of life space among older people with chronic musculoskeletal pain.
OBJECTIVE: Kinesiophobia (i.e., fear of movement caused by pain) is increasingly acknowledged as a determinant of disuse among patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Kinesiophobia may affect life space-a crucial indicator of an active lifestyle among older people. This study aimed to investigate the previously unexamined association between kinesiophobia and life space among community-dwelling older people with chronic musculoskeletal pain. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Community. SUBJECTS: We analyzed data from 194 community-dwelling older people (age ≥65 years, mean age = 75.7 years, 71.6% women) with chronic musculoskeletal pain. METHODS: Kinesiophobia, life space, and pain severity were assessed using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, Life Space Assessment, and Brief Pain Inventory. Linear regression models were applied to analyze the associations between kinesiophobia and life space, and pain severity and life space. RESULTS: In our sample, the prevalence rates for chronic musculoskeletal pain were 10.82% (N = 21) for neck, 55.15% (N = 107) for lower back, 25.26% (N = 49) for shoulder, and 50.00% (N = 97) for knee. The results suggest that higher kinesiophobia is associated with smaller life space (adjusted beta = -0.91, 95% CI = -1.43 to -0.45, P < 0.001), even after adjustment for age, gender, years of education, pain severity, and presence of comorbidity. On the contrary, no significant association between pain severity and life space was observed (adjusted beta = -0.61, 95% CI = -2.92 to 1.72, P = 0.624). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that kinesiophobia plays an important role in the determination of life space among older people with chronic musculoskeletal pain.