Anneke J Beetsma1, Roland R Reezigt2, Davy Paap3, Michiel F Reneman4. 1. Department of Health Care Studies, School for Physiotherapy, Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, P.O. Box 70030, 9714, CA, the Netherlands. Electronic address: a.j.beetsma@pl.hanze.nl. 2. Department of Health Care Studies, School for Physiotherapy, Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, P.O. Box 70030, 9714, CA, the Netherlands. Electronic address: r.r.reezigt@pl.hanze.nl. 3. University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Department for Reumatology and Immunology, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 300.001, 9700, RB, Groningen, Netherlands. Electronic address: d.paap@umcg.nl. 4. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, P.O. Box 30.002, 9750, RA, Haren, the Netherlands. Electronic address: m.f.reneman@umcg.nl.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Healthcare practitioner beliefs influence patients' beliefs and health outcomes in musculoskeletal (MSK) pain. A validated questionnaire based on modern pain neuroscience assessing Knowledge and Attitudes of Pain (KNAP) was unavailable. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop and test measurement properties of KNAP. DESIGN: Phase 1; Development of KNAP reflecting modern pain neuroscience and expert opinion. Phase 2; a cross-sectional and longitudinal study among Dutch physiotherapy students. METHOD: In the cross-sectional study (n = 424), internal consistency, structural validity, hypotheses testing, and Rasch analysis were examined. Longitudinal designs were applied to analyse test-retest reliability (n = 156), responsiveness, and interpretability (n = 76). RESULTS: A 30-item KNAP was developed in 4 stages. Test-retest reliability: ICC (2,1) 0.80. Internal consistency: Cronbach's α 0.80. Smallest Detectable Difference 90%: 4.99 (4.31; 5.75). Structural validity: exploratory factor analysis showed 2 factors. Hypotheses testing: associations with the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists biopsychosocial subscale r = 0.60, with biomedical subscale r = -0.58, with the Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire r = 0.52. Responsiveness: 93% improved on KNAP after studying pain education. Minimal Important Change: 4.84 (95%CI: 2.77; 6.91). CONCLUSIONS: The KNAP has adequate measurement properties. This new questionnaire could be useful to evaluate physiotherapy students' knowledge and attitudes of modern pain neuroscience that could help to create awareness and evaluate physiotherapy education programs, and ultimately provide better pain management.
BACKGROUND: Healthcare practitioner beliefs influence patients' beliefs and health outcomes in musculoskeletal (MSK) pain. A validated questionnaire based on modern pain neuroscience assessing Knowledge and Attitudes of Pain (KNAP) was unavailable. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop and test measurement properties of KNAP. DESIGN: Phase 1; Development of KNAP reflecting modern pain neuroscience and expert opinion. Phase 2; a cross-sectional and longitudinal study among Dutch physiotherapy students. METHOD: In the cross-sectional study (n = 424), internal consistency, structural validity, hypotheses testing, and Rasch analysis were examined. Longitudinal designs were applied to analyse test-retest reliability (n = 156), responsiveness, and interpretability (n = 76). RESULTS: A 30-item KNAP was developed in 4 stages. Test-retest reliability: ICC (2,1) 0.80. Internal consistency: Cronbach's α 0.80. Smallest Detectable Difference 90%: 4.99 (4.31; 5.75). Structural validity: exploratory factor analysis showed 2 factors. Hypotheses testing: associations with the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists biopsychosocial subscale r = 0.60, with biomedical subscale r = -0.58, with the Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire r = 0.52. Responsiveness: 93% improved on KNAP after studying pain education. Minimal Important Change: 4.84 (95%CI: 2.77; 6.91). CONCLUSIONS: The KNAP has adequate measurement properties. This new questionnaire could be useful to evaluate physiotherapy students' knowledge and attitudes of modern pain neuroscience that could help to create awareness and evaluate physiotherapy education programs, and ultimately provide better pain management.
Authors: Tiago da Silva Lopes; Samir K Ballas; Jamille Evelyn Rodrigues Souza Santana; Pedro de Melo-Carneiro; Lilian Becerra de Oliveira; Katia Nunes Sá; Larissa Conceição Dias Lopes; Wellington Dos Santos Silva; Rita Lucena; Abrahão Fontes Baptista Journal: Front Med (Lausanne) Date: 2022-09-20