Leonardo Trasande1,2,3,4,5, Vincent W V Jaddoe6,7, Chalana M Sol8,9, Susana Santos8,9, Liesbeth Duijts8,9, Alexandros G Asimakopoulos10,11, Maria-Pilar Martinez-Moral10, Kurunthachalam Kannan10,12, Elise M Philips8,9. 1. Department of Paediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, 10016, USA. 2. Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, 10016, USA. 3. Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA. 4. New York University Wagner School of Public Service, New York City, NY, 10016, USA. 5. New York University College of Global Public Health, New York City, NY, 10016, USA. 6. The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. v.jaddoe@erasmusmc.nl. 7. Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. v.jaddoe@erasmusmc.nl. 8. The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 9. Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 10. Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, 12201, USA. 11. Department of Chemistry, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway. 12. Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Fetal exposure to phthalates and bisphenols might have long-lasting effects on growth and fat development. Not much is known about the effects on general and organ fat development in childhood. We assessed the associations of fetal exposure to phthalates and bisphenols with general and organ fat measures in school-aged children. METHODS: In a population-based, prospective cohort study among 1128 mother-child pairs, we measured maternal urinary phthalate metabolites and bisphenol concentrations in first, second, and third trimester. Offspring body mass index, fat mass index by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and visceral and pericardial fat indices and liver fat fraction were measured by magnetic resonance imaging at 10 years. RESULTS: After adjustment for confounders and correction for multiple testing, an interquartile range increase in first trimester phthalic acid concentrations remained associated with a 0.14 (95% confidence interval: 0.05, 0.22) standard deviation score increase in pericardial fat index. We also observed tendencies for associations of higher maternal low molecular weight phthalate urinary concentrations in second trimester with childhood pericardial fat index, but these were not significant after adjustment for multiple testing. High molecular weight phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, and di-n-octyl phthalate concentrations were not associated with childhood outcomes. Maternal urinary bisphenol concentrations were not associated with childhood adiposity. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal first trimester phthalic acid concentrations are associated with increased childhood pericardial fat index at 10 years of age, whereas maternal bisphenol concentrations are not associated with childhood adiposity. We did not find significant sex-specific effects. These findings should be considered as hypothesis generating and need further replication and identification of underlying mechanisms.
OBJECTIVES: Fetal exposure to phthalates and bisphenols might have long-lasting effects on growth and fat development. Not much is known about the effects on general and organ fat development in childhood. We assessed the associations of fetal exposure to phthalates and bisphenols with general and organ fat measures in school-aged children. METHODS: In a population-based, prospective cohort study among 1128 mother-child pairs, we measured maternal urinary phthalate metabolites and bisphenol concentrations in first, second, and third trimester. Offspring body mass index, fat mass index by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and visceral and pericardial fat indices and liver fat fraction were measured by magnetic resonance imaging at 10 years. RESULTS: After adjustment for confounders and correction for multiple testing, an interquartile range increase in first trimester phthalic acid concentrations remained associated with a 0.14 (95% confidence interval: 0.05, 0.22) standard deviation score increase in pericardial fat index. We also observed tendencies for associations of higher maternal low molecular weight phthalate urinary concentrations in second trimester with childhood pericardial fat index, but these were not significant after adjustment for multiple testing. High molecular weight phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, and di-n-octyl phthalate concentrations were not associated with childhood outcomes. Maternal urinary bisphenol concentrations were not associated with childhood adiposity. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal first trimester phthalic acid concentrations are associated with increased childhood pericardial fat index at 10 years of age, whereas maternal bisphenol concentrations are not associated with childhood adiposity. We did not find significant sex-specific effects. These findings should be considered as hypothesis generating and need further replication and identification of underlying mechanisms.
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