Understanding the Arterial Anatomy and Dermal Perfusion of the Lower Extremity with Clinical Application.

Respecting vascular territories is crucial for flap design and viability. There are 6 angiosomes in the foot and ankle originating from the posterior tibial, anterior tibial, and peroneal arteries. Reliable perforators from the 3 major source vessels of the lower extremity are found in 5-cm intervals within intermuscular septa. Computed tomography angiography, Doppler, and infrared cameras can be used preoperatively to help identify the perforators of the lower extremity.