Andrew Page1, Sandro Sperandei2, Matthew J Spittal3, Allison Milner3, Jane Pirkis3. 1. Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2571, Australia. a.page@westernsydney.edu.au. 2. Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2571, Australia. 3. Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Transition from employment to retirement may be detrimental to mental health, and associated with suicidal behaviour. This study investigated the association between employment and retirement status and suicidal behaviour among older aged Australians. METHODS: This study was based on the '45 and Up Study', a large prospective cohort study of participants from New South Wales (Australia) aged 45 years and older (N = 267,153), followed up over the period 2006-2018. The risk of attempted suicide and suicide was compared between categories of employment and retirement status in a series of recurrent event survival analysis models adjusting for identified time variant and invariant confounders. RESULTS: Compared to those who were employed, the risk of attempted suicide was higher among those who were not in the labour force and not retired (predominantly those who were sick or disabled, or carers) (HR = 1.97-95% CI 1.49-2.62), those who retired involuntarily (HR = 1.35-95% CI 1.03-1.77), and to a lesser extent those unemployed (HR = 1.31-95% CI 0.89-1.92). Risk of attempted suicide among those who retired voluntarily was similar to those who remained employed (HR = 1.09-95% CI 0.82-1.45). A similar pattern was evident for suicide, with a higher risk of suicide among those who were not in the labour force or retired, and those who retired involuntarily, compared to those who remained employed; however, these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Transition from employment to retirement may be an important precipitating factor for suicidal behaviour, affected by current and previous mental health status. Services and programs facilitating continued or re-employment in older age, and adjustment to the transition from employment to retirement may prevent suicidal behaviour.
PURPOSE: Transition from employment to retirement may be detrimental to mental health, and associated with suicidal behaviour. This study investigated the association between employment and retirement status and suicidal behaviour among older aged Australians. METHODS: This study was based on the '45 and Up Study', a large prospective cohort study of participants from New South Wales (Australia) aged 45 years and older (N = 267,153), followed up over the period 2006-2018. The risk of attempted suicide and suicide was compared between categories of employment and retirement status in a series of recurrent event survival analysis models adjusting for identified time variant and invariant confounders. RESULTS: Compared to those who were employed, the risk of attempted suicide was higher among those who were not in the labour force and not retired (predominantly those who were sick or disabled, or carers) (HR = 1.97-95% CI 1.49-2.62), those who retired involuntarily (HR = 1.35-95% CI 1.03-1.77), and to a lesser extent those unemployed (HR = 1.31-95% CI 0.89-1.92). Risk of attempted suicide among those who retired voluntarily was similar to those who remained employed (HR = 1.09-95% CI 0.82-1.45). A similar pattern was evident for suicide, with a higher risk of suicide among those who were not in the labour force or retired, and those who retired involuntarily, compared to those who remained employed; however, these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Transition from employment to retirement may be an important precipitating factor for suicidal behaviour, affected by current and previous mental health status. Services and programs facilitating continued or re-employment in older age, and adjustment to the transition from employment to retirement may prevent suicidal behaviour.
Authors: Barbara Schneider; Kristin Grebner; Axel Schnabel; Harald Hampel; Klaus Georgi; Andreas Seidler Journal: Psychiatry Res Date: 2011-09-03 Impact factor: 3.222
Authors: Allison Milner; Andrew Page; Stephen Morrell; Coletta Hobbs; Greg Carter; Michael Dudley; Johan Duflou; Richard Taylor Journal: Aust N Z J Psychiatry Date: 2014-03-05 Impact factor: 5.744
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