Anup Kasi1, Shivani Handa2, Sajjad Bhatti1, Shahid Umar3, Ajay Bansal4, Weijing Sun1. 1. Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, U.S.A. 2. Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai West & Morningside, NY, NY. 3. Department of Medicine, Division of Surgery, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, U.S.A. 4. Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, U.S.A.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Molecular pathways in colorectal carcinogenesis involve several complex genetic and epigenetic modulations that cause normal colonic mucosa to metamorphose into a benign polyp and subsequently into a malignant tumor. Our purpose is to recapitulate historical and recent genomic research in order to augment the understanding of colorectal cancer pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS: In 2015, the molecular classification for colorectal cancers was unified into one system with four distinct groups, also called as consensus molecular subtypes. This led to an enhanced understanding of molecular and immune signatures which has implications on predicting the clinical behavior as well as response to different therapeutic agents. SUMMARY: In this review, we expound on the current literature as well as draw on our own experience to present the important molecular pathogenesis pathways, key genetic mutations, differences in pathogenesis of left versus right sided tumors as well as the molecular classification of colorectal cancers.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Molecular pathways in colorectal carcinogenesis involve several complex genetic and epigenetic modulations that cause normal colonic mucosa to metamorphose into a benign polyp and subsequently into a malignant tumor. Our purpose is to recapitulate historical and recent genomic research in order to augment the understanding of colorectal cancer pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS: In 2015, the molecular classification for colorectal cancers was unified into one system with four distinct groups, also called as consensus molecular subtypes. This led to an enhanced understanding of molecular and immune signatures which has implications on predicting the clinical behavior as well as response to different therapeutic agents. SUMMARY: In this review, we expound on the current literature as well as draw on our own experience to present the important molecular pathogenesis pathways, key genetic mutations, differences in pathogenesis of left versus right sided tumors as well as the molecular classification of colorectal cancers.
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