Melinda Y Chang1, Danielle Doppee2, Fei Yu3, Claudia Perez2, Anne L Coleman3, Stacy L Pineles4. 1. Vision Center, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Roski Eye Center, University of Southern CA, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: Melinda.y.wu@gmail.com. 2. Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CA, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 3. Department of Ophthalmology, University of CA, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Stein Eye Institute, University of CA, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 4. Department of Ophthalmology, University of CA, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Stein Eye Institute, University of CA, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Optum Labs, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects an estimated 1.85% of children in the United States and is increasing in prevalence. Any relationship between ophthalmologic disorders and ASD is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to calculate the prevalence of ophthalmologic disorders in children with ASD. DESIGN: Population-based retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Setting: claims data from Optum Labs Data Warehouse, a longitudinal real-world data asset with de-identified administrative claims and electronic health records data. StudyPopulation: children ≤18 years of age at the time of first claim between 2007 and 2013. OBSERVATION: diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) or autistic disorder (AD) according to International Classification of Disease-9th edition (ICD-9) codes. MainOutcomeMeasurements: prevalence of an ophthalmologic diagnosis (amblyopia, strabismus, optic neuropathy, nystagmus, or retinopathy of prematurity) by ICD-9 codes in typically developing (TD) controls and children with PDD and AD. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) for each diagnosis were calculated using multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: Claims from more than 10 million children were included. The prevalence of any ophthalmologic diagnosis considered in this study was 3.5% in TD controls, 12.5% in children with PDD (adjusted OR, 3.22; 95% confidence interval [CI, ], 3.16-3.29; P < .001), and 13.5% in children with AD (adjusted OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 3.15-3.31; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Population-based data suggested an increased risk of ophthalmologic diagnoses in children with ASD. Future research is necessary to further clarify the relationship between ophthalmologic disorders and autistic symptoms and severity.
PURPOSE:Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects an estimated 1.85% of children in the United States and is increasing in prevalence. Any relationship between ophthalmologic disorders and ASD is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to calculate the prevalence of ophthalmologic disorders in children with ASD. DESIGN: Population-based retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Setting: claims data from Optum Labs Data Warehouse, a longitudinal real-world data asset with de-identified administrative claims and electronic health records data. StudyPopulation: children ≤18 years of age at the time of first claim between 2007 and 2013. OBSERVATION: diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) or autistic disorder (AD) according to International Classification of Disease-9th edition (ICD-9) codes. MainOutcomeMeasurements: prevalence of an ophthalmologic diagnosis (amblyopia, strabismus, optic neuropathy, nystagmus, or retinopathy of prematurity) by ICD-9 codes in typically developing (TD) controls and children with PDD and AD. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) for each diagnosis were calculated using multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: Claims from more than 10 million children were included. The prevalence of any ophthalmologic diagnosis considered in this study was 3.5% in TD controls, 12.5% in children with PDD (adjusted OR, 3.22; 95% confidence interval [CI, ], 3.16-3.29; P < .001), and 13.5% in children with AD (adjusted OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 3.15-3.31; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Population-based data suggested an increased risk of ophthalmologic diagnoses in children with ASD. Future research is necessary to further clarify the relationship between ophthalmologic disorders and autistic symptoms and severity.
Authors: Ekomobong E Eyoh; Michelle D Failla; Zachary J Williams; Kyle L Schwartz; Laurie E Cutting; Bennett A Landman; Carissa J Cascio Journal: J Autism Dev Disord Date: 2021-12-01