Microfluidic Biomaterials.

Since their initial description in 2005, biomaterials that are patterned to contain microfluidic networks ("microfluidic biomaterials") have emerged as promising scaffolds for a variety of tissue engineering and related applications. This class of materials is characterized by the ability to be readily perfused. Transport and exchange of solutes within microfluidic biomaterials is governed by convection within channels and diffusion between channels and the biomaterial bulk. Numerous strategies have been developed for creating microfluidic biomaterials, including micromolding, photopatterning, and 3D printing. In turn, these materials have been used in many applications that benefit from the ability to perfuse a scaffold, including the engineering of blood and lymphatic microvessels, epithelial tubes, and cell-laden tissues. This article reviews the current state of the field and suggests new areas of exploration for this unique class of materials.