Javid Sadri Nahand1, Maryam Esghaei2, Seyed Hamidreza Monavari2, Mohsen Moghoofei3, Seyed Jalal Kiani2, Shayan Mostafaei4, Hamed Mirzaei5, Farah Bokharaei-Salim6. 1. Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2. Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. 4. Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. 5. Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. 6. Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: bokharaei.f@iums.ac.ir.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of HPV in patients with Prostate cancer (PCa) and its possible association with cancer progression. METHODS: In this case-control study, fresh prostate tissues and blood samples were collected from 90 individuals, including 58 cases samples with PCa and 32 non-malignant prostate tissue samples as a control group. The expression level of viral genes (E2, E6, and E7) and cellular factors including tumor suppressor proteins (Rb and p53), anti-apoptotic mediators (Bcl-2 and survivin), and some mediators involved in inflammation and angiogenesis was evaluated. RESULTS: The presence of the HPV genome was identified in 19 out of the 58 cases (32.7%) and five out of the 32 controls (15.6%). However, there was not any statistically significant relationship between the presence of the HPV genome and PCa (OR = 2.63, 95% C.I = 0.89-7.91, P-value = 0.078). Moreover, the HPV high-risk genotypes 16 and 18 were detected in 47.4% and 31.6% of HPV-infected PCa tissues, respectively. The expression level of the tumor suppressor proteins (Rb and p53) significantly decreased in the HPV-infected samples compared to the HPV negative specimens (P-value = 0.01, P-value = 0.01, respectively). However, the expression level of the anti-apoptotic mediators and those involved in angiogenesis and inflammation significantly increased in the HPV-infected PCa group compared to the HPV-negative PCa and control groups (P-value < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that although it is not definitely known whether HPV causes PCa, this virus probably modulates PCa cell behavior by affecting inflammation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis mechanisms, which, in turn, promotes tumorigenesis.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of HPV in patients with Prostate cancer (PCa) and its possible association with cancer progression. METHODS: In this case-control study, fresh prostate tissues and blood samples were collected from 90 individuals, including 58 cases samples with PCa and 32 non-malignant prostate tissue samples as a control group. The expression level of viral genes (E2, E6, and E7) and cellular factors including tumor suppressor proteins (Rb and p53), anti-apoptotic mediators (Bcl-2 and survivin), and some mediators involved in inflammation and angiogenesis was evaluated. RESULTS: The presence of the HPV genome was identified in 19 out of the 58 cases (32.7%) and five out of the 32 controls (15.6%). However, there was not any statistically significant relationship between the presence of the HPV genome and PCa (OR = 2.63, 95% C.I = 0.89-7.91, P-value = 0.078). Moreover, the HPV high-risk genotypes 16 and 18 were detected in 47.4% and 31.6% of HPV-infected PCa tissues, respectively. The expression level of the tumor suppressor proteins (Rb and p53) significantly decreased in the HPV-infected samples compared to the HPV negative specimens (P-value = 0.01, P-value = 0.01, respectively). However, the expression level of the anti-apoptotic mediators and those involved in angiogenesis and inflammation significantly increased in the HPV-infected PCa group compared to the HPV-negative PCa and control groups (P-value < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that although it is not definitely known whether HPV causes PCa, this virus probably modulates PCa cell behavior by affecting inflammation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis mechanisms, which, in turn, promotes tumorigenesis.