Katsuhito Ihara1,2,3, Jan Skupien4, Hiroki Kobayashi1,2, Zaipul I Md Dom1,2, Jonathan M Wilson5, Kristina O'Neil1, Hannah S Badger5, Lenden M Bowsman5, Eiichiro Satake1,2, Matthew D Breyer5, Kevin L Duffin5, Andrzej S Krolewski6,2. 1. Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA. 2. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 3. Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. 4. Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland jan.skupien@uj.edu.pl andrzej.krolewski@joslin.harvard.edu. 5. Diabetes and Complication Department, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN. 6. Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA jan.skupien@uj.edu.pl andrzej.krolewski@joslin.harvard.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The role of fibrosis in early progressive renal decline in type 2 diabetes is unknown. Circulating WFDC2 (WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2) and matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7; Matrilysin) are postulated to be biomarkers of renal fibrosis. This study examined an association of circulating levels of these proteins with early progressive renal decline. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Individuals with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Joslin Kidney Study with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were monitored for 6-12 years to ascertain fast early progressive renal decline, defined as eGFR loss ≥5 mL/min/1.73 m2/year. RESULTS: A total of 1,181 individuals were studied: 681 without and 500 with albuminuria. Median eGFR and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) at baseline were 97 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 24 mg/g, respectively. During follow-up, 152 individuals experienced fast early progressive renal decline: 6.9% in those with normoalbuminuria and 21% with albuminuria. In both subgroups, the risk of renal decline increased with increasing baseline levels of WFDC2 (P < 0.0001) and MMP-7 (P < 0.0001). After adjustment for relevant clinical characteristics and known biomarkers, an increase by one quartile in the fibrosis index (combination of levels of WFDC2 and MMP-7) was associated with higher risk of renal decline (odds ratio 1.63; 95% CI 1.30-2.04). The association was similar and statistically significant among patients with and without albuminuria. CONCLUSIONS: Elevation of circulating profibrotic proteins is associated with the development of early progressive renal decline in type 2 diabetes. This association is independent from albuminuria status and points to the importance of the fibrotic process in the development of early renal decline.
OBJECTIVE: The role of fibrosis in early progressive renal decline in type 2 diabetes is unknown. Circulating WFDC2 (WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2) and matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7; Matrilysin) are postulated to be biomarkers of renal fibrosis. This study examined an association of circulating levels of these proteins with early progressive renal decline. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Individuals with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Joslin Kidney Study with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were monitored for 6-12 years to ascertain fast early progressive renal decline, defined as eGFR loss ≥5 mL/min/1.73 m2/year. RESULTS: A total of 1,181 individuals were studied: 681 without and 500 with albuminuria. Median eGFR and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) at baseline were 97 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 24 mg/g, respectively. During follow-up, 152 individuals experienced fast early progressive renal decline: 6.9% in those with normoalbuminuria and 21% with albuminuria. In both subgroups, the risk of renal decline increased with increasing baseline levels of WFDC2 (P < 0.0001) and MMP-7 (P < 0.0001). After adjustment for relevant clinical characteristics and known biomarkers, an increase by one quartile in the fibrosis index (combination of levels of WFDC2 and MMP-7) was associated with higher risk of renal decline (odds ratio 1.63; 95% CI 1.30-2.04). The association was similar and statistically significant among patients with and without albuminuria. CONCLUSIONS: Elevation of circulating profibrotic proteins is associated with the development of early progressive renal decline in type 2 diabetes. This association is independent from albuminuria status and points to the importance of the fibrotic process in the development of early renal decline.
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Authors: Farsad Afshinnia; Thekkelnaycke M Rajendiran; Chenchen He; Jaeman Byun; Daniel Montemayor; Manjula Darshi; Jana Tumova; Jiwan Kim; Christine P Limonte; Rachel G Miller; Tina Costacou; Trevor J Orchard; Tarunveer S Ahluwalia; Peter Rossing; Janet K Snell-Bergeon; Ian H de Boer; Loki Natarajan; George Michailidis; Kumar Sharma; Subramaniam Pennathur Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2021-07-08 Impact factor: 17.152