Outcomes of a Telephone-Based Questionnaire for Follow-up of Patients Who Have Completed Curative-Intent Treatment for Oral Cancers.

Importance: Follow-up assessment of patients who had treatment for head and neck cancer is critical and an important part of the overall treatment program. During each visit to the hospital, patients are evaluated by a physician and may undergo additional tests. Because it has been observed that the symptoms mentioned by patients often guide the treating clinicians in identifying cancer recurrence, an appropriately constructed questionnaire can help clinicians determine which patients need further testing as a result of a recurrence and which patients can continue to be monitored remotely. Objective: To evaluate the role of a symptom-based telephone questionnaire in detecting recurrences in patients with radically treated oral cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants: This prospective diagnostic cohort study was conducted from October 1, 2018, to February 28, 2019. This study took place at Tata Memorial Centre, an apex referral cancer center in India. A total of 615 consecutive patients with oral cancer were screened, of whom 400 patients consented to be a part of the study. After completion of curative treatment, these patients were followed up for 2 months to 2 years. We excluded patients younger than 18 years or older than 80 years, those with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status greater than 2, and those who had already been diagnosed with recurrent disease. Interventions/Exposures: The patients were contacted 2 weeks before their clinic appointment, and a telephone interview was conducted using a predefined questionnaire. Based on patients' responses to these questions, their disease status was estimated. Subsequently, during the actual follow-up visit, a trained head and neck surgeon, who was blinded to the questionnaire result, examined them. Main Outcomes and Measures: The sensitivity and specificity of the telephone questionnaire were calculated by comparing its results with those of the trained head and neck surgeon after the clinical evaluation.
Results: Of the 615 patients screened, 400 consented to be part of the study. Participants had a median (interquartile range) age of 49 (41-56) years, and 334 (83.5%) were men. Recurrence was noted in 20 patients (5.0%). The telephone-based questionnaire was found to have sensitivity of 90.0%, specificity of 74.2%, positive predictive value of 15.5%, and negative predictive value of 99.3%. Clinical examination values were 100.0%, 92.9%, 42.5%, and 100.0%, respectively. A total of 124 patients (31.0%) said that they would prefer such a telephone follow-up compared with an actual physical follow-up visit. Conclusions and Relevance: This diagnostic cohort study found that a symptom-based telephone questionnaire had good sensitivity and negative predictive value for detecting recurrences in patients with oral cancer on follow-up evaluation after completion of definitive treatment.