Alexandra Aiken1, Philip J Clare2, Veronica C Boland2, Louisa Degenhardt2, Wing See Yuen2, Delyse Hutchinson3, Jackob Najman4, Jim McCambridge5, Tim Slade6, Nyanda McBride7, Clara De Torres2, Monika Wadolowski8, Raimondo Bruno9, Kypros Kypri10, Richard P Mattick2, Amy Peacock9. 1. National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia. Electronic address: a.aiken@unsw.edu.au. 2. National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia. 3. Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia. 4. Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia. 5. Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom. 6. Sydney Medical School / The Matilda Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia. 7. National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia. 8. Independent Researcher, Sydney, Australia. 9. National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia. 10. Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Parents frequently supply alcohol to their children, often only sips. We investigated whether supply of sips and whole drinks, from parents and other sources, are differentially associated with subsequent drinking outcomes. METHODS: A cohort of 1910 adolescents (mean age 12.9yrs) were surveyed annually over seven years from 2010-11. We examined prospective, adjusted associations between the quantity of supply from parental and non-parental sources in the preceding 12 months and five outcomes in the subsequent year, over several consecutive years: binge drinking; alcohol-related harms; symptoms of alcohol abuse, dependence and alcohol use disorder (AUD). RESULTS: In early waves, most parental supply comprised sips, while supply of whole drinks increased in later waves. Among those not receiving alcohol from other sources, parental supply of sips was associated with increased odds of binge drinking (OR: 1.85; 99.5 % CI: 1.17-2.91) and alcohol-related harms (OR: 1.70; 99.5 % CI: 1.20-2.42), but not with reporting symptoms of alcohol abuse, dependence or AUD, compared with no supply. Relative to no supply, supply of sips from other sources was associated with increased odds of binge drinking (OR: 2.04; 99.5 % CI: 1.14-3.67) only. Compared with supply of sips, supply of whole drinks by parents or others had higher odds of binge drinking, alcohol-related harms, symptoms of dependence and of AUD. Secondary analysis demonstrated that supply of larger quantities was associated with an increased risk of all outcomes. CONCLUSION: Parental provision of sips is associated with increased risks and the supply of greater quantities was associated with an increasing risk of adverse outcomes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02280551).
BACKGROUND: Parents frequently supply alcohol to their children, often only sips. We investigated whether supply of sips and whole drinks, from parents and other sources, are differentially associated with subsequent drinking outcomes. METHODS: A cohort of 1910 adolescents (mean age 12.9yrs) were surveyed annually over seven years from 2010-11. We examined prospective, adjusted associations between the quantity of supply from parental and non-parental sources in the preceding 12 months and five outcomes in the subsequent year, over several consecutive years: binge drinking; alcohol-related harms; symptoms of alcohol abuse, dependence and alcohol use disorder (AUD). RESULTS: In early waves, most parental supply comprised sips, while supply of whole drinks increased in later waves. Among those not receiving alcohol from other sources, parental supply of sips was associated with increased odds of binge drinking (OR: 1.85; 99.5 % CI: 1.17-2.91) and alcohol-related harms (OR: 1.70; 99.5 % CI: 1.20-2.42), but not with reporting symptoms of alcohol abuse, dependence or AUD, compared with no supply. Relative to no supply, supply of sips from other sources was associated with increased odds of binge drinking (OR: 2.04; 99.5 % CI: 1.14-3.67) only. Compared with supply of sips, supply of whole drinks by parents or others had higher odds of binge drinking, alcohol-related harms, symptoms of dependence and of AUD. Secondary analysis demonstrated that supply of larger quantities was associated with an increased risk of all outcomes. CONCLUSION: Parental provision of sips is associated with increased risks and the supply of greater quantities was associated with an increasing risk of adverse outcomes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02280551).
Authors: Jennifer L Maggs; Jenna R Cassinat; Brian C Kelly; Sarah A Mustillo; Shawn D Whiteman Journal: J Adolesc Health Date: 2021-02-10 Impact factor: 5.012