Jorge Hallak1,2,3, Thiago A Teixeira1,2,4,5, Felipe S Bernardes1,2,4,4, Felipe Carneiro1,4,4,6, Sergio A S Duarte1,2, Juliana R Pariz1,2,4, Sandro C Esteves7,8,9, Esper Kallas10, Paulo H N Saldiva3,4,4. 1. Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Research Laboratory, São Paulo, Brazil. 2. Division of Urology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 3. Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 4. Men's Health Study Group, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 5. Division of Urology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Amapá, Amapá, Brazil. 6. Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 7. Department of Surgery (Division of Urology), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil. 8. Androfert, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, Campinas, Brazil. 9. Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. 10. Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The current outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, named coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), is not the first well-known spillover of an animal originated virus to infect humans. However, one of the few to make such a fast jump in a powerful evolutionary shortcut. The incredible pattern of aggressiveness worldwide since the beginning of the outbreak is that up to 20% of those infected need hospitalization and 5% evolve to critical conditions, not limited to respiratory-related issues, but rather to systemic involvement. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to summarize the current knowledge about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the male genitourinary tract. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A narrative review was carried out to identify articles on the SARS-CoV-2 infection on the male genitourinary system. RESULTS: Considerations were made about the molecular characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and immune response to coronavirus. We discussed the influence of the virus on the urinary system, potential mechanisms of COVID-19- related acute kidney injury (AKI), and the role of cytokine release syndrome on the renal pathophysiology of the disease. In the male reproductive tract, it was discussed the testis' vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 invasion and the possible adverse effects on its function and the seminal findings of COVID-19. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, an international coordinated scientific effort must arise to understand the role of the urogenital system in the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the clinical setting.
BACKGROUND: The current outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, named coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), is not the first well-known spillover of an animal originated virus to infect humans. However, one of the few to make such a fast jump in a powerful evolutionary shortcut. The incredible pattern of aggressiveness worldwide since the beginning of the outbreak is that up to 20% of those infected need hospitalization and 5% evolve to critical conditions, not limited to respiratory-related issues, but rather to systemic involvement. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to summarize the current knowledge about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the male genitourinary tract. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A narrative review was carried out to identify articles on the SARS-CoV-2 infection on the male genitourinary system. RESULTS: Considerations were made about the molecular characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and immune response to coronavirus. We discussed the influence of the virus on the urinary system, potential mechanisms of COVID-19- related acute kidney injury (AKI), and the role of cytokine release syndrome on the renal pathophysiology of the disease. In the male reproductive tract, it was discussed the testis' vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 invasion and the possible adverse effects on its function and the seminal findings of COVID-19. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, an international coordinated scientific effort must arise to understand the role of the urogenital system in the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the clinical setting.
Authors: A Sansone; D Mollaioli; G Ciocca; E Limoncin; E Colonnello; W Vena; E A Jannini Journal: J Endocrinol Invest Date: 2020-07-13 Impact factor: 4.256
Authors: D Paoli; F Pallotti; G Nigro; A Aureli; A Perlorca; L Mazzuti; D Di Carlo; O Turriziani; A Lenzi; F Lombardo Journal: J Endocrinol Invest Date: 2020-10-10 Impact factor: 4.256
Authors: Felipe Carneiro; Thiago A Teixeira; Felipe S Bernardes; Marcelo S Pereira; Giovanna Milani; Amaro N Duarte-Neto; Esper G Kallas; Paulo H N Saldiva; Maria C Chammas; Jorge Hallak Journal: Andrologia Date: 2021-02-09 Impact factor: 2.532
Authors: Alexander B Collins; Lei Zhao; Ziwen Zhu; Nathan T Givens; Qian Bai; Mark R Wakefield; Yujiang Fang Journal: Urology Date: 2022-01-08 Impact factor: 2.633
Authors: Thiago A Teixeira; Yasmin C Oliveira; Felipe S Bernardes; Esper G Kallas; Amaro N Duarte-Neto; Sandro C Esteves; Joël R Drevet; Jorge Hallak Journal: Asian J Androl Date: 2021 Jul-Aug Impact factor: 3.285
Authors: Amaro N Duarte-Neto; Thiago A Teixeira; Elia G Caldini; Cristina T Kanamura; Michele S Gomes-Gouvêa; Angela B G Dos Santos; Renata A A Monteiro; João R R Pinho; Thais Mauad; Luiz F F da Silva; Paulo H N Saldiva; Marisa Dolhnikoff; Katia R M Leite; Jorge Hallak Journal: Andrology Date: 2021-07-16 Impact factor: 4.456