Luca Giraldi1, Alessia Vecchioni1, Stefania Boccia1,2, Guido Rindi3,4,5, Greta Carioli6, Mirna Bilotta7, Stefano La Rosa8,9, Andrea Imperatori8, Marco Volante10, Maria Pia Brizzi10, Frediano Inzani7, Gianluigi Petrone7, Giovanni Schinzari11, Antonio Bianchi12, Stefano Margaritora13, Sergio Alfieri14, Carlo La Vecchia6. 1. Section of Hygiene, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia. 2. Section of Hygiene, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia. 3. Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia. guido.rindi@unicatt.it. 4. Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia. guido.rindi@unicatt.it. 5. Roma European NeuroEndocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) Center of Excellence, Roma, Italia. guido.rindi@unicatt.it. 6. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. 7. Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia. 8. Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy. 9. Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. 10. Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Italy. 11. Department of Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia. 12. Department of Endocrinology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia. 13. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia. 14. Digestive Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN) has been displaying an incremental trend along the last two decades. This phenomenon is poorly understood, and little information is available on risk factor for neuroendocrine neoplasia development. Aim of this work is to elucidate the role of potentially modifiable risk factors for pancreatic and pulmonary NEN. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study on 184 patients with NEN (100 pancreas and 84 lung) and 248 controls. The structured questionnaire included 84 queries on socio-demographic, behavioral, dietary and clinical information. RESULTS: Increased risk was associated with history of cancer ("other tumor", lung OR = 7.18; 95% CI: 2.55-20.20 and pancreas OR = 5.88; 95% CI: 2.43-14.22; "family history of tumor", lung OR = 2.66; 95% CI: 1.53-4.64 and pancreas OR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.19-3.17; "family history of lung tumor", lung OR = 2.56; 95% CI: 1.05-6.24 and pancreas OR = 2.60; 95% CI: 1.13-5.95). Type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with an increased risk of pancreatic NEN (OR = 3.01; 95% CI: 1.15-7.89). CONCLUSIONS: Besides site-specific risk factors, there is a significant link between neuroendocrine neoplasia and cancer in general, pointing to a shared cancer predisposition.
PURPOSE:Neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN) has been displaying an incremental trend along the last two decades. This phenomenon is poorly understood, and little information is available on risk factor for neuroendocrine neoplasia development. Aim of this work is to elucidate the role of potentially modifiable risk factors for pancreatic and pulmonary NEN. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study on 184 patients with NEN (100 pancreas and 84 lung) and 248 controls. The structured questionnaire included 84 queries on socio-demographic, behavioral, dietary and clinical information. RESULTS: Increased risk was associated with history of cancer ("other tumor", lung OR = 7.18; 95% CI: 2.55-20.20 and pancreas OR = 5.88; 95% CI: 2.43-14.22; "family history of tumor", lung OR = 2.66; 95% CI: 1.53-4.64 and pancreas OR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.19-3.17; "family history of lung tumor", lung OR = 2.56; 95% CI: 1.05-6.24 and pancreas OR = 2.60; 95% CI: 1.13-5.95). Type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with an increased risk of pancreatic NEN (OR = 3.01; 95% CI: 1.15-7.89). CONCLUSIONS: Besides site-specific risk factors, there is a significant link between neuroendocrine neoplasia and cancer in general, pointing to a shared cancer predisposition.
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