Mariel S Bello1, Madalyn M Liautaud2, Julianne T De La Cerda2, Raina D Pang2, Lara A Ray3, Jasjit A Ahluwalia4, Adam M Leventhal1,2. 1. Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 2. Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 3. Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 4. Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Frequent experiences of discrimination could increase vulnerability to tobacco withdrawal and smoking lapse in populations subject to tobacco-related health disparities. This laboratory study (2013-17) examined whether individual differences in perceived exposure to discrimination in one's daily life predicted tobacco withdrawal symptoms and smoking lapse behavior following acute tobacco deprivation in African American smokers. DESIGN: Mixed design with the between-subjects continuous variable of perceived discrimination crossed with the within-subject variable of tobacco deprivation status (deprived versus non-deprived). SETTING: Academic medical center in Los Angeles, CA, USA. PARTICIPANTS: African American non-treatment seeking daily cigarette smokers (n = 607, ≥ 10 cig/day). MEASUREMENTS: At a baseline visit, self-reported frequency of perceived exposure to discrimination in one's daily life was measured [everyday discrimination scale (EDDS)]. At two subsequent counterbalanced experimental visits (16-hour tobacco deprivation versus ad-libitum smoking), self-report assessments of various tobacco withdrawal symptom domains [Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges), Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale (WSWS), Profile of Mood States (POMS), Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) and Current Impulsivity Scale (CIS)) and a behavioral smoking lapse analogue task were measured. FINDINGS: Adjusted models demonstrated that greater frequency of perceived exposure to discrimination was associated with larger deprivation-induced increases in acute urges to smoke to alleviate negative mood, several negative mood states and subjective cognitive functioning-effect sizes were small in magnitude (βs = 0.09-0.13; Ps < 0.02). Data were inconclusive for associations between perceived exposure to discrimination and deprivation-induced changes in cravings, urges to smoke for pleasure, positive mood reduction, other symptoms or smoking reinstatement behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Frequency of perceived exposure to discrimination appears to be modestly associated with increased severity of some deprivation-induced tobacco withdrawal symptoms in African American smokers.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Frequent experiences of discrimination could increase vulnerability to tobacco withdrawal and smoking lapse in populations subject to tobacco-related health disparities. This laboratory study (2013-17) examined whether individual differences in perceived exposure to discrimination in one's daily life predicted tobacco withdrawal symptoms and smoking lapse behavior following acute tobacco deprivation in African American smokers. DESIGN: Mixed design with the between-subjects continuous variable of perceived discrimination crossed with the within-subject variable of tobacco deprivation status (deprived versus non-deprived). SETTING: Academic medical center in Los Angeles, CA, USA. PARTICIPANTS: African American non-treatment seeking daily cigarette smokers (n = 607, ≥ 10 cig/day). MEASUREMENTS: At a baseline visit, self-reported frequency of perceived exposure to discrimination in one's daily life was measured [everyday discrimination scale (EDDS)]. At two subsequent counterbalanced experimental visits (16-hour tobacco deprivation versus ad-libitum smoking), self-report assessments of various tobacco withdrawal symptom domains [Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges), Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale (WSWS), Profile of Mood States (POMS), Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) and Current Impulsivity Scale (CIS)) and a behavioral smoking lapse analogue task were measured. FINDINGS: Adjusted models demonstrated that greater frequency of perceived exposure to discrimination was associated with larger deprivation-induced increases in acute urges to smoke to alleviate negative mood, several negative mood states and subjective cognitive functioning-effect sizes were small in magnitude (βs = 0.09-0.13; Ps < 0.02). Data were inconclusive for associations between perceived exposure to discrimination and deprivation-induced changes in cravings, urges to smoke for pleasure, positive mood reduction, other symptoms or smoking reinstatement behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Frequency of perceived exposure to discrimination appears to be modestly associated with increased severity of some deprivation-induced tobacco withdrawal symptoms in African American smokers.
Authors: Eric T Moolchan; Pebbles Fagan; Anita F Fernander; Wayne F Velicer; Mark D Hayward; Gary King; Richard R Clayton Journal: Addiction Date: 2007-10 Impact factor: 6.526
Authors: Rachel L Denlinger-Apte; Lauren R Pacek; Jennifer Cornacchione Ross; Maansi Bansal-Travers; Eric C Donny; Dorothy K Hatsukami; Dana Mowls Carroll Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-05-17 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Carey E Gleason; Megan Zuelsdorff; Diane C Gooding; Amy J H Kind; Adrienne L Johnson; Taryn T James; Nickolas H Lambrou; Mary F Wyman; Fred B Ketchum; Alexander Gee; Sterling C Johnson; Barbara B Bendlin; Henrik Zetterberg Journal: Alzheimers Dement Date: 2021-12-06 Impact factor: 16.655