Emily Methangkool1, Edward R Mariano2,3, Daryl Oakes2. 1. Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. 2. Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. 3. Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.