Vikas Thondapu1,2,3, Chris Mamon2, Eric K W Poon2, Osamu Kurihara1, Hyung Oh Kim1, Michele Russo1, Makoto Araki1, Hiroki Shinohara1, Erika Yamamoto4, Jouke Dijkstra5, Mark Tacey3,6, Hang Lee7, Andrew Ooi2, Peter Barlis3, Ik-Kyung Jang1,8. 1. Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA. 2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. 3. Department of Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. 4. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. 5. Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands. 6. Northern Health, Epping, VIC 3076, Australia. 7. Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Standiford St, Suite 560, Boston, MA 02114, USA. 8. Division of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University, 23, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-872, Republic of Korea.
Abstract
AIMS: To investigate local haemodynamics in the setting of acute coronary plaque rupture and erosion. METHODS AND RESULTS: Intracoronary optical coherence tomography performed in 37 patients with acute coronary syndromes caused by plaque rupture (n = 19) or plaque erosion (n = 18) was used for three-dimensional reconstruction and computational fluid dynamics simulation. Endothelial shear stress (ESS), spatial ESS gradient (ESSG), and oscillatory shear index (OSI) were compared between plaque rupture and erosion through mixed-effects logistic regression. Lipid, calcium, macrophages, layered plaque, and cholesterol crystals were also analysed. By multivariable analysis, only high ESSG [odds ratio (OR) 5.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.57-10.89, P < 0.001], lipid (OR 12.98, 95% CI 6.57-25.67, P < 0.001), and layered plaque (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.82-5.50, P < 0.001) were independently associated with plaque rupture. High ESSG (OR 13.28, 95% CI 6.88-25.64, P < 0.001), ESS (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.34-5.42, P = 0.005), and OSI (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.33-3.54, P = 0.002) independently associated with plaque erosion. ESSG was higher at rupture sites than erosion sites [median (interquartile range): 5.78 (2.47-21.15) vs. 2.62 (1.44-6.18) Pa/mm, P = 0.009], OSI was higher at erosion sites than rupture sites [1.04 × 10-2 (2.3 × 10-3-4.74 × 10-2) vs. 1.29 × 10-3 (9.39 × 10-5-3.0 × 10-2), P < 0.001], but ESS was similar (P = 0.29). CONCLUSIONS: High ESSG is independently associated with plaque rupture while high ESSG, ESS, and OSI associate with plaque erosion. While ESSG is higher at rupture sites than erosion sites, OSI is higher at erosion sites and ESS was similar. These results suggest that ESSG and OSI may play critical roles in acute plaque rupture and erosion, respectively. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
AIMS: To investigate local haemodynamics in the setting of acute coronary plaque rupture and erosion. METHODS AND RESULTS: Intracoronary optical coherence tomography performed in 37 patients with acute coronary syndromes caused by plaque rupture (n = 19) or plaque erosion (n = 18) was used for three-dimensional reconstruction and computational fluid dynamics simulation. Endothelial shear stress (ESS), spatial ESS gradient (ESSG), and oscillatory shear index (OSI) were compared between plaque rupture and erosion through mixed-effects logistic regression. Lipid, calcium, macrophages, layered plaque, and cholesterol crystals were also analysed. By multivariable analysis, only high ESSG [odds ratio (OR) 5.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.57-10.89, P < 0.001], lipid (OR 12.98, 95% CI 6.57-25.67, P < 0.001), and layered plaque (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.82-5.50, P < 0.001) were independently associated with plaque rupture. High ESSG (OR 13.28, 95% CI 6.88-25.64, P < 0.001), ESS (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.34-5.42, P = 0.005), and OSI (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.33-3.54, P = 0.002) independently associated with plaque erosion. ESSG was higher at rupture sites than erosion sites [median (interquartile range): 5.78 (2.47-21.15) vs. 2.62 (1.44-6.18) Pa/mm, P = 0.009], OSI was higher at erosion sites than rupture sites [1.04 × 10-2 (2.3 × 10-3-4.74 × 10-2) vs. 1.29 × 10-3 (9.39 × 10-5-3.0 × 10-2), P < 0.001], but ESS was similar (P = 0.29). CONCLUSIONS: High ESSG is independently associated with plaque rupture while high ESSG, ESS, and OSI associate with plaque erosion. While ESSG is higher at rupture sites than erosion sites, OSI is higher at erosion sites and ESS was similar. These results suggest that ESSG and OSI may play critical roles in acute plaque rupture and erosion, respectively. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
Authors: Vikas Thondapu; Daisuke Shishikura; Jouke Dijkstra; Shuang J Zhu; Eve Revalor; Patrick W Serruys; William J van Gaal; Eric K W Poon; Andrew Ooi; Peter Barlis Journal: Front Cardiovasc Med Date: 2022-04-14
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