Surgery for glaucoma in modern corneal graft procedures.

Glaucoma is a common cause of vision loss after corneal transplantion and is considered a major risk factor for graft failure. Glaucoma may be present before corneal transplant surgery, or increased intraocular pressure may develop after keratoplasty in up to one-third of patients. Pre-existing glaucoma should be controlled before keratoplasty, either medically or surgically. For postkeratoplasty increase in intraocular pressure; identifying the risk factors allows appropiate follow-up and management. Patients undergoing anterior lamellar keratoplasty may take advantage of reduced rates of postkeratoplasty glaucoma. Glaucoma also complicates eyes with endothelial keratoplasties, mostly related to management of intraocular pressure spikes derived from anterior chamber air bubbles. Nevertheless, the severity is less, and the intraocular pressure is more easily controlled when compared with penetrating keratoplasty. Adequate management of glaucoma that develops before or after keratoplasty may save eyes from irreversible damage to the optic nerve and increase graft survival.