Angel Rosas-Aguirre1,2, Mitchel Guzman-Guzman2,3, Raul Chuquiyauri2,3, Marta Moreno4,5, Paulo Manrique3, Roberson Ramirez3, Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar2,3,4, Hugo Rodriguez6, Niko Speybroeck1, Jan E Conn7,8, Dionicia Gamboa2,3,9, Joseph M Vinetz2,3,9,10, Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas2,11. 1. Research Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. 2. Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú. 3. Laboratorio International Centers of Excellence in Malaria Research-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú. 4. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. 5. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Immunology and Infection, London, United Kingdom. 6. Dirección Regional de Salud Loreto DIRESA Loreto, Loreto, Perú. 7. Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA. 8. Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA. 9. Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú. 10. Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. 11. Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Malaria is highly heterogeneous: its changing malaria microepidemiology needs to be addressed to support malaria elimination efforts at the regional level. METHODS: A 3-year, population-based cohort study in 2 settings in the Peruvian Amazon (Lupuna, Cahuide) followed participants by passive and active case detection from January 2013 to December 2015. Incidence and prevalence rates were estimated using microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Lupuna registered 1828 infections (1708 Plasmodium vivax, 120 Plasmodium falciparum; incidence was 80.7 infections/100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] , 77.1-84.5). Cahuide detected 1046 infections (1024 P vivax, 20 P falciparum, 2 mixed); incidence was 40.2 infections/100 person-years (95% CI, 37.9-42.7). Recurrent P vivax infections predominated onwards from 2013. According to PCR data, submicroscopic predominated over microscopic infections, especially in periods of low transmission. The integration of parasitological, entomological, and environmental observations evidenced an intense and seasonal transmission resilient to standard control measures in Lupuna and a persistent residual transmission after severe outbreaks were intensively handled in Cahuide. CONCLUSIONS: In 2 exemplars of complex local malaria transmission, standard control strategies failed to eliminate submicroscopic and hypnozoite reservoirs, enabling persistent transmission.
BACKGROUND: Malaria is highly heterogeneous: its changing malaria microepidemiology needs to be addressed to support malaria elimination efforts at the regional level. METHODS: A 3-year, population-based cohort study in 2 settings in the Peruvian Amazon (Lupuna, Cahuide) followed participants by passive and active case detection from January 2013 to December 2015. Incidence and prevalence rates were estimated using microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Lupuna registered 1828 infections (1708 Plasmodium vivax, 120 Plasmodium falciparum; incidence was 80.7 infections/100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] , 77.1-84.5). Cahuide detected 1046 infections (1024 P vivax, 20 P falciparum, 2 mixed); incidence was 40.2 infections/100 person-years (95% CI, 37.9-42.7). Recurrent P vivax infections predominated onwards from 2013. According to PCR data, submicroscopic predominated over microscopic infections, especially in periods of low transmission. The integration of parasitological, entomological, and environmental observations evidenced an intense and seasonal transmission resilient to standard control measures in Lupuna and a persistent residual transmission after severe outbreaks were intensively handled in Cahuide. CONCLUSIONS: In 2 exemplars of complex local malaria transmission, standard control strategies failed to eliminate submicroscopic and hypnozoite reservoirs, enabling persistent transmission.
Authors: Bruno Moonen; Justin M Cohen; Robert W Snow; Laurence Slutsker; Chris Drakeley; David L Smith; Rabindra R Abeyasinghe; Mario Henry Rodriguez; Rajendra Maharaj; Marcel Tanner; Geoffrey Targett Journal: Lancet Date: 2010-10-28 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Angel Rosas-Aguirre; Dionicia Gamboa; Paulo Manrique; Jan E Conn; Marta Moreno; Andres G Lescano; Juan F Sanchez; Hugo Rodriguez; Hermann Silva; Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas; Joseph M Vinetz Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2016-10-31 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: William J Moss; Grant Dorsey; Ivo Mueller; Miriam K Laufer; Donald J Krogstad; Joseph M Vinetz; Mitchel Guzman; Angel M Rosas-Aguirre; Socrates Herrera; Myriam Arevalo-Herrera; Laura Chery; Ashwani Kumar; Pradyumna K Mohapatra; Lalitha Ramanathapuram; H C Srivastava; Liwang Cui; Guofa Zhou; Daniel M Parker; Joaniter Nankabirwa; James W Kazura Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2015-08-10 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: Marta Moreno; Marlon P Saavedra; Sara A Bickersmith; William Lainhart; Carlos Tong; Freddy Alava; Joseph M Vinetz; Jan E Conn Journal: Malar J Date: 2015-07-30 Impact factor: 2.979
Authors: Eduard Rovira-Vallbona; Juan José Contreras-Mancilla; Roberson Ramirez; Mitchel Guzmán-Guzmán; Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar; Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas; Joseph M Vinetz; Dionicia Gamboa; Anna Rosanas-Urgell Journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Date: 2017-07-03
Authors: Diamantina Moreno-Gutierrez; Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas; José Luis Barboza; Juan Contreras-Mancilla; Dionicia Gamboa; Hugo Rodriguez; Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar; Raphaël Boreux; Marie-Pierre Hayette; Philippe Beutels; Niko Speybroeck; Angel Rosas-Aguirre Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2018-11-27 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Paulo Manrique; Julio Miranda-Alban; Jhonatan Alarcon-Baldeon; Roberson Ramirez; Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar; Henry Herrera; Mitchel Guzman-Guzman; Angel Rosas-Aguirre; Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas; Joseph M Vinetz; Ananias A Escalante; Dionicia Gamboa Journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Date: 2019-11-11
Authors: Marcelo U Ferreira; Rodrigo M Corder; Igor C Johansen; Johanna H Kattenberg; Marta Moreno; Angel Rosas-Aguirre; Simone Ladeia-Andrade; Jan E Conn; Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas; Dionicia Gamboa; Anna Rosanas-Urgell; Joseph M Vinetz Journal: Lancet Reg Health Am Date: 2022-01-05
Authors: Diego Morales Viteri; Manuela Herrera-Varela; Maribel Albuja; Cristina Quiroga; Gloria Diaz; Clara Del Aguila Morante; Dario Ramirez; Joseph M Vinetz; Sara A Bickersmith; Jan E Conn Journal: J Med Entomol Date: 2021-05-15 Impact factor: 2.278
Authors: Jason Rosado; Michael T White; Rhea J Longley; Marcus Lacerda; Wuelton Monteiro; Jessica Brewster; Jetsumon Sattabongkot; Mitchel Guzman-Guzman; Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas; Joseph M Vinetz; Dionicia Gamboa; Ivo Mueller Journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Date: 2021-02-16
Authors: Yanie Tayipto; Jason Rosado; Dionicia Gamboa; Michael T White; Benson Kiniboro; Julie Healer; D Herbert Opi; James G Beeson; Eizo Takashima; Takafumi Tsuboi; Matthias Harbers; Leanne Robinson; Ivo Mueller; Rhea J Longley Journal: Front Cell Infect Microbiol Date: 2022-08-09 Impact factor: 6.073